Sandbox: ATL: Difference between revisions

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HTLV-1 infection in the United States appears to be rare.
Prevalence of infection is thought to be highest among blacks living in the Southeast.
A prevalence rate of 30% has been found among black intravenous drug abusers in New Jersey, and a rate of 49% has been found in a similar group in New Orleans.
It is possible that prevalence of infection is increasing in this risk group.


southern Japan, in the Caribbean, South America, and in Africa.
 
The overall incidence of ATL is estimated at about 1 per 1,500 adult HTLV-1 carriers per year.
Host susceptibility
Vertical infection with HTLV-1 as infant
Attained at an age of >50 years
Male sex
HLA-A*26, HLA-B*4002, HLA-B*4006, and HLA-B*4801 (Japanese ATL)
Co-infected with Strongyloides stercoralis
Laboratory markers
A high level of sil-2R, more than 500 U/ml
A high level of anti-HTLV-1, titer more than × 1,024
A high level of circulating abnormal lymphocytes, more than 0.6%
A low level of of anti-Tax reactivity
A high level of white blood cell count, more than 9,000/μL
Viral markers
A higher HTLV-1 proviral load level, more than 4 copies per 100 PBMCs

Revision as of 17:16, 24 January 2016


Host susceptibility Vertical infection with HTLV-1 as infant Attained at an age of >50 years Male sex HLA-A*26, HLA-B*4002, HLA-B*4006, and HLA-B*4801 (Japanese ATL) Co-infected with Strongyloides stercoralis Laboratory markers A high level of sil-2R, more than 500 U/ml A high level of anti-HTLV-1, titer more than × 1,024 A high level of circulating abnormal lymphocytes, more than 0.6% A low level of of anti-Tax reactivity A high level of white blood cell count, more than 9,000/μL Viral markers A higher HTLV-1 proviral load level, more than 4 copies per 100 PBMCs

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