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| * Common risk factors in the development of adult T-cell leukemia among [[HTLV]] carriers include:<ref name="pmid22973265">{{cite journal| author=Iwanaga M, Watanabe T, Yamaguchi K| title=Adult T-cell leukemia: a review of epidemiological evidence. | journal=Front Microbiol | year= 2012 | volume= 3 | issue= | pages= 322 | pmid=22973265 | doi=10.3389/fmicb.2012.00322 | pmc=PMC3437524 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22973265 }} </ref>
| | high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) |
| :* Vertical transmission of HTLV [[infection]] during [[infancy]]
| | high leukemic counts |
| :* Male sex
| | hypercalcemia |
| :* Specific [[human leukocyte antigen]]s such as:
| | poor clinical performance status |
| ::* [[HLA-A]] 26
| |
| ::* [[HLA-B]] 4002
| |
| ::* HLA-B 4801
| |
| :* Patients with a [[Strongyloides stercoralis]] co-infection
| |
| :* An elevated soluble [[interleukin-2 receptor]] levels (> 500 U/ml)
| |
| :* An elevated anti-HTLV-1 [[antibody]] [[titer]]
| |
| :* An elevated HTLV proviral load level (> 4 copies per 100 peripheral blood [[mononuclear cell]]s)
| |
| :* An elevated [[WBC count]] (> 9,000/μL)
| |
| :* An elevated abnormal [[lymphocyte]] count
| |
| :* A decreased level of anti-Tax reactivity
| |
Revision as of 18:13, 24 January 2016
high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
high leukemic counts
hypercalcemia
poor clinical performance status