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| If left untreated, the mortality rate for patients with HSV-1 is about 70%; if treated, the mortality rate declines to 30%. The mortality rate for neonatal HSV-2 encephalitis ranges from 15 - 57%.
| | If left untreated, the mortality rate for patients with HSV-1 is about 70%; if treated, the mortality rate declines to 30%. The mortality rate for neonatal HSV-2 encephalitis ranges from 15 - 57%. |
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| ==Overview==
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| ==Epidemiology and Demographics==
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| ===Prevalence===
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| The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
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| ===Incidence===
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| The incidence of viral encephalitis is approximately 3.5-7.4 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="pmid17676528">{{cite journal| author=Granerod J, Crowcroft NS| title=The epidemiology of acute encephalitis. | journal=Neuropsychol Rehabil | year= 2007 | volume= 17 | issue= 4-5 | pages= 406-28 | pmid=17676528 | doi=10.1080/09602010600989620 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17676528 }} </ref>
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| ===Age===
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| Patients of all age groups may develop encephalitis. Incidence is higher in pediatric populations.<ref name="pmid17676528">{{cite journal| author=Granerod J, Crowcroft NS| title=The epidemiology of acute encephalitis. | journal=Neuropsychol Rehabil | year= 2007 | volume= 17 | issue= 4-5 | pages= 406-28 | pmid=17676528 | doi=10.1080/09602010600989620 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17676528 }} </ref>
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| ===Gender===
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| Males are more commonly affected with encephalitis than females, though both genders are susceptible to the disease.<ref name="pmid17676528">{{cite journal| author=Granerod J, Crowcroft NS| title=The epidemiology of acute encephalitis. | journal=Neuropsychol Rehabil | year= 2007 | volume= 17 | issue= 4-5 | pages= 406-28 | pmid=17676528 | doi=10.1080/09602010600989620 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17676528 }} </ref>
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| ===Race===
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| There is no racial predilection to the development of encephalitis.<ref name="pmid17676528">{{cite journal| author=Granerod J, Crowcroft NS| title=The epidemiology of acute encephalitis. | journal=Neuropsychol Rehabil | year= 2007 | volume= 17 | issue= 4-5 | pages= 406-28 | pmid=17676528 | doi=10.1080/09602010600989620 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17676528 }} </ref> However, Native Americans are predisposed to the development of [[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]], which increases the risk of developing encephalitis.<ref name="pmid19346384">{{cite journal| author=Holman RC, McQuiston JH, Haberling DL, Cheek JE| title=Increasing incidence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever among the American Indian population in the United States. | journal=Am J Trop Med Hyg | year= 2009 | volume= 80 | issue= 4 | pages= 601-5 | pmid=19346384 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19346384 }} </ref>
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| ===Developed Countries===
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| [[Herpes simplex virus]] is the most common cause of encephalitis in developed countries and is responsible for about 10 - 20% of all adult cases of viral encephalitis. HSV-2, commonly associated with genital herpes, causes 70-90% of encephalitis cases in neonatal infants; the virus is transmitted through the mother's genital secretions. HSV-1 is primarily associated with encephalitis cases in adults.
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| Herpes simplex encephalitis is the only effectively treatable form of encephalitis, but treatment (typically intravenous acyclovir) must be administered within the first few days of symptom onset.<ref name=Cecil> Cecil RL, Goldman L, Schafer AI. Goldman's Cecil Medicine,Expert Consult Premium Edition -- Enhanced Online Features and Print, Single Volume,24, Goldman's Cecil Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012.</ref>
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| ===Developing Countries===
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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For Natural History
If left untreated, the mortality rate for patients with HSV-1 is about 70%; if treated, the mortality rate declines to 30%. The mortality rate for neonatal HSV-2 encephalitis ranges from 15 - 57%.