Brucella: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{DL}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{DL}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Human]] brucellosis is caused by four [[Brucella|Brucellae]] species: [[Brucella abortus|''B. abortus'']], [[Brucella canis|''B. canis'']], [[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']], and ''B. suis''.<ref name=" | [[Human]] brucellosis is caused by four [[Brucella|Brucellae]] species: [[Brucella abortus|''B. abortus'']], [[Brucella canis|''B. canis'']], [[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']], and ''B. suis''.<ref name="aba">Brucella. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella#Characteristics. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref> | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
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''[[Brucella]]'' [[Species (biology)|species]] have been found primarily in [[mammals]]: | ''[[Brucella]]'' [[Species (biology)|species]] have been found primarily in [[mammals]]: | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center" | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center" | ||
|+ '''Brucellae Species, Host and Human Virulente'''<ref name=" | |+ '''Brucellae Species, Host and Human Virulente'''<ref name="aba">Brucella. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella#Characteristics. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid15930423">{{cite journal| author=Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E| title=Brucellosis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 22 | pages= 2325-36 | pmid=15930423 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra050570 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15930423 }} </ref> | ||
! style="width: 180px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Species}} | ! style="width: 180px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Species}} | ||
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Host}} | ! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Host}} | ||
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[[Oxidase test|Oxidase]] and [[Catalase test|catalase tests]] are positive for most members of the [[genus]] [[Brucella]]: | [[Oxidase test|Oxidase]] and [[Catalase test|catalase tests]] are positive for most members of the [[genus]] [[Brucella]]: | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center" | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center" | ||
|+ '''Brucellae Species and Host'''<ref name=" | |+ '''Brucellae Species and Host'''<ref name="aba">Brucella. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella#Characteristics. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref> | ||
! style="width: 180px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Test}} | ! style="width: 180px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Test}} | ||
! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. melitensis'' }} | ! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. melitensis'' }} | ||
Revision as of 19:26, 5 February 2016
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Brucellosis Microchapters |
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Brucella On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Brucella |
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B. abortus |
This page is about microbiologic aspects of the organism(s). For clinical aspects of the disease, see brucellosis.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac
Overview
Human brucellosis is caused by four Brucellae species: B. abortus, B. canis, B. melitensis, and B. suis.[1]
Causes
- Brucella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.[2] They are small (0.5 to 0.7 by 0.6 to 1.5 µm), non-motile, encapsulated coccobacilli.
- Brucella is the cause of brucellosis, a true zoonotic disease (i.e. human-to-human transmission has not been identified).[2]
- It is transmitted by ingesting infected food, direct contact with an infected animal, or inhalation of aerosols.
- Minimum infectious exposure is between 10 - 100 organisms.
- Brucellosis primarily occurs through occupational exposure (e.g. exposure to cattle, sheep, pigs), but also by consumption of unpasteurised milk products.
- Four species infect humans: B. abortus, B. canis, B. melitensis, and B. suis.
- B. abortus, is less virulent than B. melitensis and is primarily a disease of cattle.
- B. canis affects dogs.
- B. melitensis is the most virulent and invasive species; it usually infects goats and occasionally sheep.
- B. suis is of intermediate virulence and chiefly infects pigs.
Brucella species have been found primarily in mammals:
| Species | Host | Human Virulence |
|---|---|---|
| B. melitensis | Goats, sheep | ++++ |
| B. abortus | Cattle | ++/+++ |
| B. canis | Dogs | + |
| B. suis | Pigs | + |
| B. ovis | Sheep | - |
| B. neotomae | Desert woodrat | - |
| B. pinnipedialis | Seal | + |
| B. ceti | Dolphin, porpoise, whale | + |
| B. microti | Common vole | N/A |
| B. inopinata | Unknown | N/A |
| Brucella sp. NVSL 07-0026 | Baboon | N/A |
Oxidase and catalase tests are positive for most members of the genus Brucella:
| Test | B. melitensis | B. abortus | B. suis | B. neotomae | B. ovis | B. canis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Need to CO2 | - | + | - | - | + | - |
| Production of H2S | - | + | + | + | - | - |
| Growth on basic fushin 0.002% | + | + | - | - | + | - |
| Growth on thionin 0.004% | - | - | + | - | + | + |
| Growth on thionin 0.002% | + | - | + | + | + | + |
| Destroy with Tb phage | - | + | - | - | - | - |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Brucella. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella#Characteristics. Accessed on February 2, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
- ↑ Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E (2005). "Brucellosis". N Engl J Med. 352 (22): 2325–36. doi:10.1056/NEJMra050570. PMID 15930423.