Mycoplasma pneumonia natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
Complications of ''Mycoplasma'' pneumonia include:<ref name=CDC> Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/pneumonia/atypical/mycoplasma/hcp/clinical-features-complications.html Accessed on Feb 10 2016</ref> | Complications of ''Mycoplasma'' pneumonia include:<ref name=CDC> Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/pneumonia/atypical/mycoplasma/hcp/clinical-features-complications.html Accessed on Feb 10 2016</ref> | ||
*[[Hemolytic anemia]] | *[[Hemolytic anemia]] | ||
*[[Asthma|Asthma exacerbation]] | *[[Asthma|Asthma exacerbation]] | ||
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*[[Erythema multiforme]], [[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]], or [[toxic epidermal necrolysis]] | *[[Erythema multiforme]], [[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]], or [[toxic epidermal necrolysis]] | ||
*[[Encephalitis]] | *[[Encephalitis]] | ||
*[[Bullous myringitis]] (possible) | |||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
Revision as of 00:13, 8 February 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Following transmission, Mycoplasma incubation period is approximately 1 to 4 weeks. During this time, the patient remains asymptomatic. Onset can be gradual and subacute. If left untreated, the diseases slowly progresses, and patients typically report high-grade fever and a persistent cough. While the disease can persist for weeks or months, it is frequently mild and self-resolving. In children < 5 years of age, the infection may run subclinical, mild, and non-pneumonia courses. Complications of Mycoplasma pneumonia include otitis, hemolytic anemia, asthma exacerbation, acute kidney injury, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or encephalitis. Prognosis is usually good, and the majority of patients recover completely even without antimicrobial therapy. Elderly individuals and patients with sickle cell disease and other immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of developing complications of Mycoplasma pneumonia.
Natural History
- Following transmission, Mycoplasma incubation period is approximately 1 to 4 weeks. During this time, the patient remains asymptomatic.[1]
Patients > 5 Years of Age
- Onset can be gradual and subacute. If left untreated, the diseases slowly progresses, and patients typically report high-grade fever and a persistent cough.[1]
- While the disease can persist for weeks or months, it is frequently mild and self-resolving. The organism may persist for several weeks in the oropharynx despite resolution of clinical symptoms.[1]
Patients < 5 Years of Age
- Younger patients often manifest with different clinical characteristics than patients over 5 years old.[1]
- The infection may run subclinical, mild, and non-pneumonia courses.
- Infections in younger patients are often characterized by coryza and wheezing without concomitant fever, and sometimes include diarrhea and vomiting.
- Persistent cough is common during convalescence.[1]
Complications
Complications of Mycoplasma pneumonia include:[1]
- Hemolytic anemia
- Asthma exacerbation
- Acute kidney injury
- Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or toxic epidermal necrolysis
- Encephalitis
- Bullous myringitis (possible)
Prognosis
- Prognosis is usually good, and the majority of patients recover completely even without antimicrobial therapy.[1]
- Elderly individuals and patients with sickle cell disease and other immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of developing complications of Mycoplasma pneumonia.[1]