Cystitis causes

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Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [1]

Overview

More than 85% of cases of cystitis are caused by escherichia coli ("E. coli"), a bacterium found in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Other causes of cystitis include certain medications, diabetes, Crohn's disease, iatrogenic causes, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, urinary obstruction, and bladder incontinence.

Causes

Common Causes

More than 85% of cases of cystitis are caused by escherichia coli ("E. coli"), a bacterium found in the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	Artificial sweeteners, benzidine, bubble baths, chemical cystitis, diaphragm, feminine hygeine sprays, perfumed soap, spermicidal jellies, talcum powder
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Allopurinol, BCG vaccine, Cetirizine, Cyc,lophosphamide, Cytarabine, Danazol, Doxorubicin, drug induced cystitis, hexaminolevulinate Ifosfamide, Leflunomide, Methotrexate, NSAIDs, Oxaprozin, Pramipexole, Sertraline, Tiagabine, Tiaprofenic acid, Ticarcillin, Topiramate, Tranilast
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Diabetes, diabetic neuropathy
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Crohn's disease, diarrhea, diverticulitis, vescicoenteric fistula
Genetic	Urofacial syndrome, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Cystoscopy, radiotherapy, urinary catheter, episiotomy scar infection
Infectious Disease	Candida, chlamydia, E. coli, enterobacter, episiotomy scar infection, gonorrhea, klebsiella, prostatitis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, schistosomiasis, serratia, sexually transmitted diseases, staphyloccus saprophyticus, trichomoniasis, tuberculosis, urinary tract infection
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Diabetic neuropathy
Nutritional / Metabolic	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, alcohol, caffeine, chocolate, poor nutrition, tomatoes, xanthinuria, artificial sweeteners
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Endometriosis, gynecological cancers, menopause, PID, pregnancy, episiotomy scar infection
Oncologic	Gynecological cancers, Urachal cancer
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Behcet's disease, lupus, Crohn's disease, autoimmune interstitial cystitis
Sexual	Frequent sex, men having sex with men, vigorous sex, honeymoon cystitis
Trauma	Spinal cord injury
Urologic	Autoimmune interstitial cystitis, benign prostate hyperplasia, bladder incontinence, congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract, enlarged prostate, honeymoon cystitis, Hunner's ulcer, interstitial cystitis, narrowing of the urethral opening, posterior urethral valve, urachal cancer, urachal cyst, urethral syndrome, urethritis, urinary obstruction, urinary stones, vescicoenteric fistula, urinary tract infection
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Dehydration, female gender, foreign body cystitis, immobility, Not wiping from front to back (women), old age, poor hygeine, tampons, tight fitting underwear

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency Alcohol Allopurinol Artificial sweeteners Autoimmune interstitial cystitis BCG vaccine Behcet's disease Benign prostate hyperplasia Benzidine Bladder incontinence Bubble bath Caffeine Candida Cetrizine Chemical cystitis Chlamydia Chocolate Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract Crohn's disease Cyclophosphamide Cystoscopy Cytarabine Danazol Dehydration Diabetes Diabetic neuropathy Diaphragm Diarrhea Diverticulitis Doxorubicin Drug induced cystitis E. coli Endometriosis Enlarged prostate Enterobacter Episiotomy scar infection Female gender Feminine hygeine sprays Foreign body cystitis Frequent sex Gonorrhea Gynecological cancers Honeymoon cystitis Hunner's ulcer Ifosfamide Immobility Interstitial cystitis

Klebsiella Lupus Men having sex with men Menopause Methotrexate Narrowing of the urethral opening Not wiping from front to back (women) NSAIDs Old age Oxaprozin Perfumed soap PID Poor hygeine Poor nutrition Posterior urethral valve Pregnancy Prostatitis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Radiotherapy Schistosomiasis Serratia Sexually transmitted diseases Spermicidal jellies Spinal cord injury Staphyloccus saprophyticus Talcum powder Tampons Tiaprofenic acid Tiagabine Ticarcilline Tight fitting underwear Tomatoes Tranilast Trichomoniasis Tuberculosis Urachal cancer Urachal cyst Urethral syndrome Urethritis Urinary catheter Urinary obstruction Urinary stones Urinary tract infection Urofacial syndrome Vescicoenteric fistula Vigorous sex Xanthinuria