Seminoma staging: Difference between revisions
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==Staging== | ==Staging== | ||
The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) includes [[tumor marker|serum tumor marker levels]] in the stages for germ cell tumors, including seminoma. '''S''' describes the levels of serum tumour markers in the blood after [[orchiectomy]]. The serum tumor markers measured are [[AFP|alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)]], [[HCG|human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)]], and [[LDH|lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)]].<ref name=stagingofgermcelltumors1>Staging testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/staging/?region=on. Accessed on February 26, 2016</ref> | |||
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! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|S}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 800px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Serum tumor marker levels}} | |||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center |SX | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor marker levels are not available or have not been measured. | |||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" align=center |S0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor marker levels are normal. | |||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" align=center |S1 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |All tumor marker levels are above normal. | |||
*AFP is less than 1,000 ng/mL. | |||
*HCG is less than 5,000 mIU/mL. | |||
*LDH is less than 1.5 times the upper limit of the normal range. | |||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" align=center| | |||
Stage IV | |||
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Disseminated spread to extranodal sites or spread to the lymph nodes above the diaphragm (supradiaphragmatic nodal involvement) | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:54, 26 February 2016
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Seminoma Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Seminoma staging On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Seminoma staging |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]
Overview
Staging
The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) includes serum tumor marker levels in the stages for germ cell tumors, including seminoma. S describes the levels of serum tumour markers in the blood after orchiectomy. The serum tumor markers measured are alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).[1]
| S | Serum tumor marker levels |
|---|---|
| SX | Tumor marker levels are not available or have not been measured. |
| S0 | Tumor marker levels are normal. |
| S1 | All tumor marker levels are above normal.
|
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Stage IV |
Disseminated spread to extranodal sites or spread to the lymph nodes above the diaphragm (supradiaphragmatic nodal involvement) |
References
- ↑ Staging testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/staging/?region=on. Accessed on February 26, 2016