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| ==Medical Therapy== | | ==Medical Therapy== |
| Treatment options for recurrent seminoma depend on the treatments used for the original tumor, recurrence rate, and the prognosis group (which is based on the International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (IGCCCG) classification system). | | Treatment options for recurrent seminoma depend on the treatments used for the original tumor, recurrence rate, and the prognosis group (which is based on the International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (IGCCCG) classification system).The treatment options for recurrent seminoma include:<ref name=Treatmentsforrecurrentseminoma2>Treatments for recurrent seminoma. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/treatment/seminoma/recurrent/?region=on. Accessed on March 2, 2016</ref> |
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| Read more: http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/treatment/seminoma/recurrent/?region=on#ixzz41luGvCFX
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| *In case of seminoma, the healthcare team creates an individualized treatment plan. It is generally based on the patient's needs and may include a combination of different treatments. The factors which help in deciding the treatment plan for seminoma include:<ref name=treatmentsoftesticularcancer>Treatments for testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/treatment/?region=on. Accessed on March 1, 2016</ref>
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| :*Stage of seminoma
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| :*Risk of recurrence
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| :*Fertility
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| :*Preferences of the individual
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| *The various treatment options depending on the stage and recurrence risk of seminoma are discussed below.<ref name=treatmentoftesticularcancer>Treatment for testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/treatment/?region=on. Accessed on March 1, 2016</ref><ref name=TreatmentsforstageIseminoma1>Treatments for stage I seminoma. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/treatment/seminoma/stage-i/?region=on. Accessed on March 1, 2016</ref><ref name=TreatmentsforstageIIseminoma1>Treatments for stage II seminoma. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/treatment/seminoma/stage-ii/?region=on. Accessed on March 1, 2016</ref><ref name=TreatmentsforstageIIIseminoma1>Treatments for stage III seminoma. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/treatment/seminoma/stage-iii/?region=on. Accessed on March 1, 2016</ref><ref name=Treatmentsforrecurrentseminoma1>Treatments for recurrent seminoma. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/treatment/seminoma/recurrent/?region=on. Accessed on March 1, 2016</ref>
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| {{familytree/start |summary=Treatment of Seminoma}}
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| {{familytree |boxstyle=background: #DCDCDC;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | |A01=<div style="width: 9em; padding:0.2em;">'''Treatment of Seminoma'''</div>}}
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| {{familytree |boxstyle=background: #DCDCDC;| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
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| {{familytree |boxstyle=background: #DCDCDC;| | | | | | | B01 | | | | B02 | | | | | | B03 | | | | B04 | |B01=<div style="width: 9em; padding:0.2em;">'''Stage I''' </div>|B02=<div style="width: 9em; padding:0.2em;">'''Stage II'''</div>|B03=<div style="width: 9em; padding:0.2em;">'''Stage III'''</div>|B04=<div style="width: 9em; padding:0.2em;">'''Recurrent'''</div>}}
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| {{familytree |boxstyle=background: #DCDCDC;| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
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| {{familytree |boxstyle=background: #DCDCDC;| | | | | | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | | | C03 | | | | C04 | | | | |C01=<div style="width: 10em; padding:0.2em;">❑ [[Surgery]]<br>❑ Active surveillance<br>❑ [[Radiotherapy]]<br>❑ [[Chemotherapy]]</div>|C02=<div style="width: 10em; padding:0.2em;">❑ [[Surgery]]<br>❑ [[Radiotherapy]]<br>❑ [[Chemotherapy]]</div>|C03=<div style="width: 10m; padding:0.2em;">❑ [[Surgery]]<br>❑ [[Chemotherapy]]</div>|C04=<div style="width: 10em; padding:0.2em;">❑ [[Chemotherapy]]<br>❑ [[Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation|Stem Cell Transplantation]]<br>❑ [[Surgery]]</div>}}
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| {{familytree/end}}
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| ===Chemotherapy===
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| *[[Chemotherapy]] is a common treatment for all stages of seminoma. It is usually given after an [[orchiectomy]]. A combination of chemotherapy drugs is usually given.<ref name=treatmentsoftesticularcancer2>Treatments for testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/treatment/?region=on. Accessed on March 2, 2016</ref>
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| *'''BEP''' is the main chemotherapy combination used for seminoma. It includes [[bleomycin]], [[etoposide]], and [[cisplatin]].
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| *Sometimes, physicians just give [[etoposide]] and [[cisplatin]] (called EP). '''EP''' is given when [[bleomycin]] affects the lungs (called ''pulmonary toxicity''), or there is a high risk that it will cause lung damage.
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| *High-dose chemotherapy and [[Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation|stem cell transplant]] may be used for '''recurrent''' testicular cancer, if the standard-dose chemotherapy doesn’t work and the cancer comes back.
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| *High doses of [[carboplatin]] and [[etoposide]] are given. After high-dose chemotherapy, a stem cell transplant is done to replace the stem cells that are damaged or destroyed by high-dose chemotherapy. The stem cell transplant is an autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant.<ref name=treatmentsoftesticularcancer2>Treatments for testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/treatment/?region=on. Accessed on March 2, 2016</ref>
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| ===Radiotherapy===
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| *[[radiotherapy|Radiation therapy]] may be used to treat '''stage I or II''' seminomas after [[orchiectomy]].<ref name=treatmentsoftesticularcancer2>Treatments for testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/treatment/?region=on. Accessed on March 2, 2016</ref>
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| *It is given as [[external beam radiation therapy]].
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| *Radiation is directed at the lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis.<ref name=treatmentsoftesticularcancer2>Treatments for testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/treatment/?region=on. Accessed on March 2, 2016</ref>
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| ===Active Surveillance===
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| *Active surveillance is the preferred treatment for '''stage I''' seminoma after a [[orchiectomy|radical inguinal orchiectomy]].<ref name=treatmentsoftesticularcancer2>Treatments for testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/treatment/?region=on. Accessed on March 2, 2016</ref>
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| *During active surveillance, the healthcare team watches for any signs and symptoms of recurrence. Treatment is given only if seminoma recurs.<ref name=treatmentsoftesticularcancer2>Treatments for testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/treatment/?region=on. Accessed on March 2, 2016</ref>
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| ==References== | | ==References== |