Pulmonary nodule overview: Difference between revisions
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'''Solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)''' | '''Solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)'''is defined as a relatively well defined round or oval pulmonary parenchymal lesion equal or smaller than 30 mm in diameter. Solitary pulmonary nodule is usually surrounded by pulmonary parenchyma and/or visceral pleura and is not associated with lymphadenopathy, atelectasis, or pneumonia. In the majority of the cases, solitary pulmonary nodule can be encountered as a [[incidentaloma|incidental finding]] found in up to 0.2% of [[chest X-ray]]s and around 1% of [[CT scan]]s.<ref name="NEJM-cp">{{cite journal |author=Ost D, Fein AM, Feinsilver SH |title=Clinical practice. The solitary pulmonary nodule |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=348 |issue=25 |pages=2535–42 |year=2003 |month=June |pmid=12815140 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp012290 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=12815140&promo=ONFLNS19}}</ref><ref name="pmid18402653">{{cite journal |author=Alzahouri K, Velten M, Arveux P, Woronoff-Lemsi MC, Jolly D, Guillemin F |title=Management of SPN in France. Pathways for definitive diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule: a multicentre study in 18 French districts |journal=BMC Cancer |volume=8 |issue= |pages=93 |year=2008 |pmid=18402653 |pmc=2373300 |doi=10.1186/1471-2407-8-93 |url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/93}}</ref> The nodule most commonly represents a [[benign]] tumor, such as a [[granuloma]] or [[hamartoma]], but in around 20% of cases it represents a [[malignant]] [[cancer]].<ref name="pmid18402653">{{cite journal |author=Alzahouri K, Velten M, Arveux P, Woronoff-Lemsi MC, Jolly D, Guillemin F |title=Management of SPN in France. Pathways for definitive diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule: a multicentre study in 18 French districts |journal=BMC Cancer |volume=8 |issue= |pages=93 |year=2008 |pmid=18402653 |pmc=2373300 |doi=10.1186/1471-2407-8-93 |url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/93}}</ref> Approximately 10 to 20% of patients with [[lung cancer]] are diagnosed this way.<ref name="pmid18402653"/> Thus, the possibility of cancer needs to be excluded through further radiological studies and interventions, possibly including surgical resection. The [[prognosis]] depends on the underlying condition. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
Revision as of 14:53, 14 March 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]
Overview
Solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)is defined as a relatively well defined round or oval pulmonary parenchymal lesion equal or smaller than 30 mm in diameter. Solitary pulmonary nodule is usually surrounded by pulmonary parenchyma and/or visceral pleura and is not associated with lymphadenopathy, atelectasis, or pneumonia. In the majority of the cases, solitary pulmonary nodule can be encountered as a incidental finding found in up to 0.2% of chest X-rays and around 1% of CT scans.[1][2] The nodule most commonly represents a benign tumor, such as a granuloma or hamartoma, but in around 20% of cases it represents a malignant cancer.[2] Approximately 10 to 20% of patients with lung cancer are diagnosed this way.[2] Thus, the possibility of cancer needs to be excluded through further radiological studies and interventions, possibly including surgical resection. The prognosis depends on the underlying condition.
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Staging
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Chest X Ray
CT
MRI
Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Biopsy
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgery
Prevention
References
- ↑ Ost D, Fein AM, Feinsilver SH (2003). "Clinical practice. The solitary pulmonary nodule". N. Engl. J. Med. 348 (25): 2535–42. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp012290. PMID 12815140. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Alzahouri K, Velten M, Arveux P, Woronoff-Lemsi MC, Jolly D, Guillemin F (2008). "Management of SPN in France. Pathways for definitive diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule: a multicentre study in 18 French districts". BMC Cancer. 8: 93. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-8-93. PMC 2373300. PMID 18402653.