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==Overview==
==Overview==
General symptoms reported within the early stages tularemia often resemble those of other tick-borne diseases. These symptoms include fever, chills, headache, and other non-specific flu like symptoms. Later stages of tularemia may include pneumonic clinical manifestations and ulcers in the epidermal tissue.<ref name= "Signs Sym"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Signs and Symptoms of Tularemia. http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/signssymptoms/index.html Accessed March 1, 2016 </ref>
General symptoms reported within the early stages tularemia often resemble those of other tick-borne diseases. These symptoms include [[fever]], [[chills]], [[headache]], and other non-specific flu like [[Symptom|symptoms]]. Later stages of tularemia may include pneumonic clinical manifestations and ulcers in the [[epidermal]] tissue.<ref name="Signs Sym">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Signs and Symptoms of Tularemia. http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/signssymptoms/index.html Accessed March 1, 2016 </ref>


==Differentiating Tularemia from other Tick-borne diseases==
==Differentiating Tularemia from other Tick-borne diseases==
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|-
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Ulceroglandular
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Ulceroglandular
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Skin ulcer forms as the site of infection as well as general flu like symptoms and swelling of regional lymph glands.  
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Skin [[ulcer]] forms as the site of infection as well as general flu like [[symptoms]] and swelling of regional lymph glands.  
|-
|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Glandular
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Glandular tissue|Glandular]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Resemble clinical manifestations of Ulceroglandular infection without the presence of a skin ulcer.  
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Resemble clinical manifestations of Ulceroglandular infection without the presence of a skin ulcer.  
|-
|-
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Irritation and inflammation of the eye with swelling of lymph glands.  
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Irritation and inflammation of the eye with swelling of lymph glands.  
|-
|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Pneumonic and Typhoidal  
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Pneumonic and [[Typhoid|Typhoidal]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Most dangerous form of tularemia. Characterized by cough, chest pain, and breathing difficulties. May also include all general flu like symptoms, without localization symptoms.   
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Most dangerous form of tularemia. Characterized by [[cough]], [[chest pain]], and [[breathing difficulties]]. May also include all general flu like [[Symptom|symptoms]], without localization symptoms.   
|-
|-
|} <ref name= "Signs Sym"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Signs and Symptoms of Tularemia. http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/signssymptoms/index.html Accessed March 1, 2016 </ref>
|} <ref name="Signs Sym">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Signs and Symptoms of Tularemia. http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/signssymptoms/index.html Accessed March 1, 2016 </ref>




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| style="font-size: 14px; background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" colspan="5d" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Bacterial Infection'''}}
| style="font-size: 14px; background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" colspan="5d" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Bacterial Infection'''}}
|-
|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Borreliosis (Lyme Disease)'' <ref name="Lyme CDC”> Lyme Disease Information for HealthCare Professionals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/healthcare/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Borreliosis (Lyme Disease)'' <ref name="Lyme CDC”">Lyme Disease Information for HealthCare Professionals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/healthcare/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Flu-like illness, fatigue, fever, arthritis, neuroborreliosis, cranial nerve palsy, carditis and erythema migrans.
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Flu-like illness, fatigue, fever, arthritis, neuroborreliosis, cranial nerve palsy, carditis and erythema migrans.
|-
|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Relapsing Fever'' <ref name="TBRF CDC”> Relapsing Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/relapsing-fever/ Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Relapsing Fever'' <ref name="TBRF CDC”">Relapsing Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/relapsing-fever/ Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Consistently documented high fevers, flu-like illness, headaches, muscular soreness or joint pain, altered mental state, painful urination, rash, and rigors.
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Consistently documented high fevers, flu-like illness, headaches, muscular soreness or joint pain, altered mental state, painful urination, rash, and rigors.
|-
|-
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Fever, alterations in mental state, myalgia, rash, and headaches.
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Fever, alterations in mental state, myalgia, rash, and headaches.
|-
|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |  ''Helvetica Spotted Fever'' <ref name="RMSF CDC”> Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/rmsf/  Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |  ''Helvetica Spotted Fever'' <ref name="RMSF CDC”">Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/rmsf/  Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Rash: spotted, red dots. Respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough), muscle pain, and headaches.
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Rash: spotted, red dots. Respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough), muscle pain, and headaches.
|-
|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Ehrlichiosis Anaplasmosis'' <ref name="Ehrlichiosis CDC”> Disease index General  Information (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/health_professionals/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Ehrlichiosis Anaplasmosis'' <ref name="Ehrlichiosis CDC”">Disease index General  Information (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/health_professionals/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Fever, headache, chills, malaise, muscle pain, nausea, confusion, conjunctivitis, or rash (60% in children and 30% in adults).  
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Fever, headache, chills, malaise, muscle pain, nausea, confusion, conjunctivitis, or rash (60% in children and 30% in adults).  
|-
|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Tularemia'' <ref name="Tulameria CDC”> Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  \http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/index.html  Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Tularemia'' <ref name="Tulameria CDC”">Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  \http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/index.html  Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Ulceroglandular, Glandular, Oculoglandular, Oroglandular, Pneumonic, Typhoidal.  
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Ulceroglandular, Glandular, Oculoglandular, Oroglandular, Pneumonic, Typhoidal.  
|-
|-
|style="font-size: 14px; background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" colspan="5d" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Viral Infection'''}}
| style="font-size: 14px; background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" colspan="5d" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Viral Infection'''}}
|-  
|-  
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Tick-borne meningoencephalitis <ref name="TBE CDC”> General Disease Information (TBE). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/tbe/ Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Tick-borne meningoencephalitis <ref name="TBE CDC”">General Disease Information (TBE). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/tbe/ Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Early Phase: Non-specific symptoms including fever, malaise, anorexia, muscle pains, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Second Phase: Meningitis symptoms, headache, stiff neck, encephalitis, drowsiness, sensory disturbances, and potential paralysis.  
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Early Phase: Non-specific symptoms including fever, malaise, anorexia, muscle pains, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Second Phase: Meningitis symptoms, headache, stiff neck, encephalitis, drowsiness, sensory disturbances, and potential paralysis.  
|-
|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Colorado Tick Fever <ref name="GenTickDis CDC”> General Tick Deisease Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/coloradotickfever/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Colorado Tick Fever <ref name="GenTickDis CDC”">General Tick Deisease Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/coloradotickfever/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Common symptoms include fever, chills, headache, body aches, and lethargy. Other symptoms associated with the disease include sore throat, abdominal pain, vomiting, and a skin rash. A biphasic fever is a hallmark of Colorado Tick Fever and presents itself in nearly 50% of infected patients.  
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Common symptoms include fever, chills, headache, body aches, and lethargy. Other symptoms associated with the disease include sore throat, abdominal pain, vomiting, and a skin rash. A biphasic fever is a hallmark of Colorado Tick Fever and presents itself in nearly 50% of infected patients.  
|-
|-
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Initially infected patients will likely feel a few of the following symptoms; headache, high fever, back and joint pain, stomach pain, vomiting, flushed face, red throat petechiae of the palate, and potentially changes in mood as well as sensory perception.  
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Initially infected patients will likely feel a few of the following symptoms; headache, high fever, back and joint pain, stomach pain, vomiting, flushed face, red throat petechiae of the palate, and potentially changes in mood as well as sensory perception.  
|-
|-
|style="font-size: 14px; background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" colspan="5d" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Protozoan Infection'''}}
| style="font-size: 14px; background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" colspan="5d" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Protozoan Infection'''}}
|-
|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Babesiosis <ref name="Babesiosis CDC”> Babesiosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/disease.htmlAccessed December 8, 2015.</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Babesiosis <ref name="Babesiosis CDC”">Babesiosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/disease.htmlAccessed December 8, 2015.</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Non-specific flu like symptoms.
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Non-specific flu like symptoms.
|}
|}

Revision as of 15:11, 22 March 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ilan Dock, B.S.

Overview

General symptoms reported within the early stages tularemia often resemble those of other tick-borne diseases. These symptoms include fever, chills, headache, and other non-specific flu like symptoms. Later stages of tularemia may include pneumonic clinical manifestations and ulcers in the epidermal tissue.[1]

Differentiating Tularemia from other Tick-borne diseases

The following table differentiates between variations of tularemia and their associated manifestations.

Clinical Manifestation Transmission
Ulceroglandular Skin ulcer forms as the site of infection as well as general flu like symptoms and swelling of regional lymph glands.
Glandular Resemble clinical manifestations of Ulceroglandular infection without the presence of a skin ulcer.
Oculoglandular Irritation and inflammation of the eye with swelling of lymph glands.
Pneumonic and Typhoidal Most dangerous form of tularemia. Characterized by cough, chest pain, and breathing difficulties. May also include all general flu like symptoms, without localization symptoms.

[1]


The following table differentiates between general symptoms associated with tularemia and other similarly presenting, tick borne diseases.

Disease Symptoms
Bacterial Infection
Borreliosis (Lyme Disease) [2] Flu-like illness, fatigue, fever, arthritis, neuroborreliosis, cranial nerve palsy, carditis and erythema migrans.
Relapsing Fever [3] Consistently documented high fevers, flu-like illness, headaches, muscular soreness or joint pain, altered mental state, painful urination, rash, and rigors.
Typhus (Rickettsia)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Fever, alterations in mental state, myalgia, rash, and headaches.
Helvetica Spotted Fever [4] Rash: spotted, red dots. Respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough), muscle pain, and headaches.
Ehrlichiosis Anaplasmosis [5] Fever, headache, chills, malaise, muscle pain, nausea, confusion, conjunctivitis, or rash (60% in children and 30% in adults).
Tularemia [6] Ulceroglandular, Glandular, Oculoglandular, Oroglandular, Pneumonic, Typhoidal.
Viral Infection
Tick-borne meningoencephalitis [7] Early Phase: Non-specific symptoms including fever, malaise, anorexia, muscle pains, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Second Phase: Meningitis symptoms, headache, stiff neck, encephalitis, drowsiness, sensory disturbances, and potential paralysis.
Colorado Tick Fever [8] Common symptoms include fever, chills, headache, body aches, and lethargy. Other symptoms associated with the disease include sore throat, abdominal pain, vomiting, and a skin rash. A biphasic fever is a hallmark of Colorado Tick Fever and presents itself in nearly 50% of infected patients.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Initially infected patients will likely feel a few of the following symptoms; headache, high fever, back and joint pain, stomach pain, vomiting, flushed face, red throat petechiae of the palate, and potentially changes in mood as well as sensory perception.
Protozoan Infection
Babesiosis [9] Non-specific flu like symptoms.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Signs and Symptoms of Tularemia. http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/signssymptoms/index.html Accessed March 1, 2016
  2. ↑ Lyme Disease Information for HealthCare Professionals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/healthcare/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  3. ↑ Relapsing Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/relapsing-fever/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
  4. ↑ Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/rmsf/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
  5. ↑ Disease index General Information (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/health_professionals/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  6. ↑ Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). \http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  7. ↑ General Disease Information (TBE). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/tbe/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
  8. ↑ General Tick Deisease Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/coloradotickfever/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  9. ↑ Babesiosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/disease.htmlAccessed December 8, 2015.

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