Otitis media epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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**This is due to smaller, less developed [[eustachian tubes]] making fluid buildup more likely, as well as weaker [[immune systems]].<ref name="urlEar Infections in Children | NIDCD">{{cite web |url=https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/ear-infections-children |title=Ear Infections in Children | NIDCD |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | **This is due to smaller, less developed [[eustachian tubes]] making fluid buildup more likely, as well as weaker [[immune systems]].<ref name="urlEar Infections in Children | NIDCD">{{cite web |url=https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/ear-infections-children |title=Ear Infections in Children | NIDCD |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
*Chronic suppurative otitis media can persist into adulthood if not successfully treated.<ref name="urlwww.who.int">{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/pbd/publications/Chronicsuppurativeotitis_media.pdf |title=www.who.int |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | *Chronic suppurative otitis media can persist into adulthood if not successfully treated.<ref name="urlwww.who.int">{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/pbd/publications/Chronicsuppurativeotitis_media.pdf |title=www.who.int |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
===Race=== | |||
*People of Caucasian, African, and Greenlandic descent are most prone to otitis media.<ref name="LowyZhang2014">{{cite journal|last1=Lowy|first1=Franklin D.|last2=Zhang|first2=Yan|last3=Xu|first3=Min|last4=Zhang|first4=Jin|last5=Zeng|first5=Lingxia|last6=Wang|first6=Yanfei|last7=Zheng|first7=Qing Yin|title=Risk Factors for Chronic and Recurrent Otitis Media–A Meta-Analysis|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=9|issue=1|year=2014|pages=e86397|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0086397}}</ref> | |||
===Gender=== | |||
*For children under 20 months old, males are more likely to develop otitis media due to differing rates of respiratory maturity.<ref name="pmid24453496">{{cite journal |vauthors=Qureishi A, Lee Y, Belfield K, Birchall JP, Daniel M |title=Update on otitis media - prevention and treatment |journal=Infect Drug Resist |volume=7 |issue= |pages=15–24 |year=2014 |pmid=24453496 |pmc=3894142 |doi=10.2147/IDR.S39637 |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Developing Countries=== | ===Developing Countries=== | ||
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**Exposure to [[HIV]] | **Exposure to [[HIV]] | ||
**[[Malnutrition]] | **[[Malnutrition]] | ||
**Large proportion of children under 5 years old in population. | |||
**Higher chance of water [[contamination]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 16:43, 31 March 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The worldwide incidence of acute otitis media is estimated to be 10,000/100,000 individuals.[1]
- 51% of the incidence is in children under five years old.
- Incidences range from 3,640/100,000 in Central Europe up to 43,337/100,000 in Sub-Saharan West Africa.
- The worldwide incidence of chronic suppurative otitis media is 476/100,000 individuals worldwide.[1]
- 22.6% of the incidence is in children under five years old.
- Incidences range from 170/100,000 in Andean Latin America to Oceania with 937/100,000 individuals.
Case Fatality Rate
- The case fatality rate for otitis media is approximately .003%.[2]
Age
- The majority of otitis media patients are children under 5 years old.[1]
- Between 50 and 85% of children under 3 years old have experienced cases of otitis media.[2]
- This is due to smaller, less developed eustachian tubes making fluid buildup more likely, as well as weaker immune systems.[3]
- Chronic suppurative otitis media can persist into adulthood if not successfully treated.[4]
Race
- People of Caucasian, African, and Greenlandic descent are most prone to otitis media.[5]
Gender
- For children under 20 months old, males are more likely to develop otitis media due to differing rates of respiratory maturity.[2]
Developing Countries
- Otitis media is most prevalent in developing countries, specifically Sub-Saharan West Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.[2]
- The incidence of otitis media in the above countries is between two and eight times higher than the rest of the world.
- The following risk factors are more prevalent in developing countries, correlated to the increase in otitis media incidence:[5]
- Exposure to HIV
- Malnutrition
- Large proportion of children under 5 years old in population.
- Higher chance of water contamination
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Monasta L, Ronfani L, Marchetti F, Montico M, Vecchi Brumatti L, Bavcar A, Grasso D, Barbiero C, Tamburlini G (2012). "Burden of disease caused by otitis media: systematic review and global estimates". PLoS ONE. 7 (4): e36226. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036226. PMC 3340347. PMID 22558393.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Qureishi A, Lee Y, Belfield K, Birchall JP, Daniel M (2014). "Update on otitis media - prevention and treatment". Infect Drug Resist. 7: 15–24. doi:10.2147/IDR.S39637. PMC 3894142. PMID 24453496.
- ↑ "Ear Infections in Children | NIDCD".
- ↑ "www.who.int" (PDF).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lowy, Franklin D.; Zhang, Yan; Xu, Min; Zhang, Jin; Zeng, Lingxia; Wang, Yanfei; Zheng, Qing Yin (2014). "Risk Factors for Chronic and Recurrent Otitis Media–A Meta-Analysis". PLoS ONE. 9 (1): e86397. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086397. ISSN 1932-6203.