Hyperplasia

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List of terms related to Hyperplasia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Physiologic hyperplasia; Pathologic hyperplasia; Hypergenesis

Overview

Hyperplasia (or "hypergenesis") is a general term referring to the proliferation of cells within an organ or tissue. Hyperplasia may result in the gross enlargement of an organ, the formation of a benign tumor. Hyperplasia is considered to be a physiological response to a specific stimulus, and the cells of a hyperplastic growth remain subject to normal regulatory control mechanisms. This stands in contrast to neoplasia (the process underlying cancer and some benign tumors), in which genetically abnormal cells proliferate in a non-physiological manner which is unresponsive to normal stimuli.

Classification

• Hyperplasia may be classified into 2 groups:

Physiologic hyperplasia

• Normal stressor (eg. pregnancy)

Pathologic hyperplasia

• Abnormal stressor (eg. pituitary adenoma)

Pathophysiology

• The pathogenesis of hyperplasia is characterized by an increase in the number of cells.
• On gross pathology, findings of hyperplasia will depend on the anatomical site.

Causes

• Hyperplasia may be caused by either increased metabolic demand, chronic inflammatory response, or compensation for damage.

Differentiating Hyperplasia from other Diseases

• Hyperplasia must be differentiated from other diseases that cause abnormal tissue growth such as:

• Cancer
• Hypertrophy
• Metaplasia

Risk Factors

• Common risk factors in the development of hyperplasia are genetic mutations, chronic inflammation, increased metabolic demand, and hormonal stimulation.

References

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