Gonadoblastoma: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
*[Disease name] was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
*Gonadoblastoma was first discovered by Scully, in 1953.
*In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
*In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==
*A gonadoblastoma is a complex [[neoplasm]] composed of a mixture of [[gonad]]al elements, such as large primordial [[germ cell]]s, immature [[Sertoli cell]]s or [[granulosa cell]]s of the [[sex cord]], and gonadal [[stromal cell]]s.  
*A gonadoblastoma is a complex [[neoplasm]] composed of a mixture of [[gonad]]al elements, such as large primordial [[germ cell]]s, immature [[Sertoli cell]]s or [[granulosa cell]]s of the [[sex cord]], and gonadal [[stromal cell]]s.  
*Abnormal chromosomal [[karyotype]], gonadal [[dysgenesis]], and the presence of a [[Y chromosome]] has been associated with the development of gonadoblastoma.
*Abnormal chromosomal [[karyotype]], gonadal [[dysgenesis]], and the presence of a [[Y chromosome]] has been associated with the development of gonadoblastoma.
*On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
==Causes==
==Causes==
* [Disease name] may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
* Gonadoblastoma may be caused by either complete androgen insensitivity, pure gonadal dysgenesis or Swyer syndrome, mixed gonadal dysgenesis, Frasier syndrome, Denys-Drash syndrome, and 9p Partial monosomy.
* [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s].
==Differentiating Gonadoblastoma from other Diseases==
* There are no established causes for [disease name].
*Gonadoblastoma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause ovarian tumors, such as:
==Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases==
:*Germinoma
*[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
:*Cystadenoma
:*[Differential dx1]
:*Cystadenocarcinoma
:*[Differential dx2]
:*Endometrioid tumor
:*[Differential dx3]
:*Brenner tumor
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
:*Leydig cell tumor
* The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
:*Granulosa cell tumor
* In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
:*17-Hydroxylase Deficiency Syndrome
===Age===
:*5-Alpha-Reductase Deficiency
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
:*Amenorrhea
*[Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
:*Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
*[Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].
:*Genital Anomalies
===Gender===
:*Hypospadias
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
:*Pediatric Seminoma
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2].
:*Turner Syndrome
* The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
:*Meigs syndrome
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
*[Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
==Risk Factors==
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
== Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
*The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
*Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2],nand [manifestation 3].
*If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
*Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
*Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].
== Diagnosis ==
===Diagnostic Criteria===
*The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
:*[criterion 1]
:*[criterion 2]
:*[criterion 3]
:*[criterion 4]
=== Symptoms ===
*[Disease name] is usually asymptomatic.
*Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:
:*[symptom 1]
:*[symptom 2]
:*[symptom 3]
:*[symptom 4]
:*[symptom 5]
:*[symptom 6]
=== Physical Examination ===
*Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
*Physical examination may be remarkable for:
:*[finding 1]
:*[finding 2]
:*[finding 3]
:*[finding 4]
:*[finding 5]
:*[finding 6]
=== Laboratory Findings ===
=== Laboratory Findings ===
*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].

Revision as of 21:22, 15 April 2016

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Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Gonadoblastoma

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Your Name

Synonyms and keywords: Synonym 1; Synonym 2; Synonym 3

Overview

Historical Perspective

  • Gonadoblastoma was first discovered by Scully, in 1953.

Pathophysiology

Causes

  • Gonadoblastoma may be caused by either complete androgen insensitivity, pure gonadal dysgenesis or Swyer syndrome, mixed gonadal dysgenesis, Frasier syndrome, Denys-Drash syndrome, and 9p Partial monosomy.

Differentiating Gonadoblastoma from other Diseases

  • Gonadoblastoma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause ovarian tumors, such as:
  • Germinoma
  • Cystadenoma
  • Cystadenocarcinoma
  • Endometrioid tumor
  • Brenner tumor
  • Leydig cell tumor
  • Granulosa cell tumor
  • 17-Hydroxylase Deficiency Syndrome
  • 5-Alpha-Reductase Deficiency
  • Amenorrhea
  • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  • Genital Anomalies
  • Hypospadias
  • Pediatric Seminoma
  • Turner Syndrome
  • Meigs syndrome

Laboratory Findings

  • There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
  • A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
  • An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
  • Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

Imaging Findings

  • There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
  • [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name].
  • On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
  • [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Other Diagnostic Studies

  • [Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
  • Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment

Medical Therapy

  • There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
  • The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
  • [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
  • Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].

Surgery

  • Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for gonadoblastoma.
  • Surgical exploration via laparotomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) is the most common approach to the treatment of gonadoblastoma.

Prevention

  • There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
  • Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
  • Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followedup every [duration]. Followup testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].

References

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