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===Retinitis Pigmentosa===
===Genetic===
 


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===Infectious Agents===
===Infectious Agents===
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! style="width: 80px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Infectious Agent}}
! style="width: 720px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Clinical Manifestations}}
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Cytomegalovirus
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
*Physical evidence of a cytomegalovirus presence in one of both eyes will generally clinical present in the form of lesions, adjacent retinal vessels.
*These lesions may impinge upon the fovea and the optic nerve. Furthermore they are usually discovered in close proximity to both.
*Further extending legions may be present in close proximity to the vortex veins as well as the ora serrata.<ref name="ret phys">Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref>
|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Tuberculosis
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | 
*Caseating granulomas
*Multiple choroidal tubercles- small grayish nodules located on the posterior pole of the eye
*Yellow necrotizing granulomas<ref name="ret phys">Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref>|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Visual acuity
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | 
*Macular lesions
*Defective cone cell function
*Loss of central acuity
|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Fungal
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
====''Candida albicans''====
*Visibly hazy vitreous
*White circumscribed lesions<ref name="ret phys">Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref>
====''Aspergillus fumigatus''====
*Yellow subretinal infiltrates
*Retinal infiltrates
*Fungal hyphae are located throughout the eye - suggestive of pulmonary involvement<ref name="ret phys">Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref>
====''Cryptococcus neoformans''====
*Yellowish-white lesions located on the fundus of the eye
*Mutton-fat keratic precipitates<ref name="ret phys">Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref>
|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Toxoplasmosis
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
*Localized areas of infiltrate
*Active lesions are adjacent to initial scarring<ref name="ret phys">Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref>
|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Syphilis
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
*Hemorrhagic areas
*Flare visible in anterior and posterior portions<ref name="ret phys">Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016. </ref>
|-
|}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 13:04, 18 April 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]


Overview

Classification

Genetic

Classification Clinical Manifestations
Nyctalopia
  • Occurs early on during the clinical course of Retinitis Pigmentosa.
  • Night blindness occurs due to the loss of rod function.
  • Nyctalopia can be an indicator of the eventually clinical severity of the complications associated with retinitis.
  • Early onset of severe complications typically indicates more severe complications later on during the clinical course.
Fundus
  • Defective rod cell response, although fundus appears normal
  • Arteriolar narrowing
  • Intraretinal pigmentation
  • Loss of pigment in pigment epithelium
  • Intraretinal clumping due to the accumulation of melanin
Visual acuity
  • Macular lesions
  • Defective cone cell function
  • Loss of central acuity
Sector RP
  • Changes may be observed in specific halves or quadrants of the fundus
  • Less severe defects in the visual field
  • Sectorial disease with the long term potential of widespread disease
Retinitis Pigmentosa and Pregnancy
  • Women previously diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa may report an overall decrease in vision during pregnancy.

Infectious Agents

Infectious Agent Clinical Manifestations
Cytomegalovirus
  • Physical evidence of a cytomegalovirus presence in one of both eyes will generally clinical present in the form of lesions, adjacent retinal vessels.
  • These lesions may impinge upon the fovea and the optic nerve. Furthermore they are usually discovered in close proximity to both.
  • Further extending legions may be present in close proximity to the vortex veins as well as the ora serrata.[1]
Tuberculosis
  • Caseating granulomas
  • Multiple choroidal tubercles- small grayish nodules located on the posterior pole of the eye
  • Yellow necrotizing granulomas[1]|-
 Visual acuity
  • Macular lesions
  • Defective cone cell function
  • Loss of central acuity
Fungal

Candida albicans

  • Visibly hazy vitreous
  • White circumscribed lesions[1]

Aspergillus fumigatus

  • Yellow subretinal infiltrates
  • Retinal infiltrates
  • Fungal hyphae are located throughout the eye - suggestive of pulmonary involvement[1]

Cryptococcus neoformans

  • Yellowish-white lesions located on the fundus of the eye
  • Mutton-fat keratic precipitates[1]
Toxoplasmosis
  • Localized areas of infiltrate
  • Active lesions are adjacent to initial scarring[1]
Syphilis
  • Hemorrhagic areas
  • Flare visible in anterior and posterior portions[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016.
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