Retinitis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
===Retinitis Pigmentosa=== | |||
*The progressive nature and lack of a definitive cure for Retinitis Pigmentosa contributes to the discouraging outlook for patients with this disease. | |||
*While complete blindness is rare,<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/retinitis-pigmentosa/overview.html</ref> the patient's visual acuity and visual field will continue to decline as initial rod photoreceptor and later cone photoreceptor degradation proceeds. | |||
*While the psychological prognosis can be slightly alleviated with active counseling,<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=17454742 | doi=10.1080/13816810701199423 | volume=28 | title=Attitudes regarding predictive testing for retinitis pigmentosa | year=2007 | journal=Ophthalmic Genet. | pages=9–15}}</ref> the physical implications and progression of the disease depend largely on the age of initial symptom manifestation and the rate of photoreceptor degradation. | |||
===Infectious Disease=== | |||
*The prognosis for a retinitis infection caused by an infectious agent can vary depending on the amount of progression of the infection as well as the infection itself. | |||
*Patients suffering from an HIV infection are at risk of retinal detachment when suffering from an ocular cytomegalovirus infection. | |||
*Proper treatment may reduce the symptoms of an ocular CMV infection, however uveitis and chronic inflammation may persist after initial treatment. | |||
*A poor prognosis for a patient with CMV retinitis is often a combination of a compromised immune-system and improper, poorly bioavailable therapy that results in a potential drug resistance. | |||
*The prognosis for toxoplasmosis is usually good in immunecompetent patients. | |||
*A poor prognosis may result from macular involvement in a toxoplasmosis infection of the retina. | |||
*A tuberculosis infection of the retina tends to have a good prognosis. | |||
*Proper treatment of tuberculosis will often lead to a full recovery, yet must be monitored over the course of treatment. | |||
*A poor prognosis is usually the result of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. | |||
*The prognosis for ocular syphilis depends on the progression of the disease. | |||
*Since ocular syphilis is usually paired with neurosyphilis, the prognosis can be poor. However with proper, early, and effective treatment, a patient may experience a visual expansion as well as improvements with visual acuity. | |||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ilan Dock, B.S.
Overview
Natural History
Complications
Prognosis
Retinitis Pigmentosa
- The progressive nature and lack of a definitive cure for Retinitis Pigmentosa contributes to the discouraging outlook for patients with this disease.
- While complete blindness is rare,[1] the patient's visual acuity and visual field will continue to decline as initial rod photoreceptor and later cone photoreceptor degradation proceeds.
- While the psychological prognosis can be slightly alleviated with active counseling,[2] the physical implications and progression of the disease depend largely on the age of initial symptom manifestation and the rate of photoreceptor degradation.
Infectious Disease
- The prognosis for a retinitis infection caused by an infectious agent can vary depending on the amount of progression of the infection as well as the infection itself.
- Patients suffering from an HIV infection are at risk of retinal detachment when suffering from an ocular cytomegalovirus infection.
- Proper treatment may reduce the symptoms of an ocular CMV infection, however uveitis and chronic inflammation may persist after initial treatment.
- A poor prognosis for a patient with CMV retinitis is often a combination of a compromised immune-system and improper, poorly bioavailable therapy that results in a potential drug resistance.
- The prognosis for toxoplasmosis is usually good in immunecompetent patients.
- A poor prognosis may result from macular involvement in a toxoplasmosis infection of the retina.
- A tuberculosis infection of the retina tends to have a good prognosis.
- Proper treatment of tuberculosis will often lead to a full recovery, yet must be monitored over the course of treatment.
- A poor prognosis is usually the result of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis.
- The prognosis for ocular syphilis depends on the progression of the disease.
- Since ocular syphilis is usually paired with neurosyphilis, the prognosis can be poor. However with proper, early, and effective treatment, a patient may experience a visual expansion as well as improvements with visual acuity.
References
- ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/retinitis-pigmentosa/overview.html
- ↑ "Attitudes regarding predictive testing for retinitis pigmentosa". Ophthalmic Genet. 28: 9–15. 2007. doi:10.1080/13816810701199423. PMID 17454742.