Sandbox AG

Encephalitis Table

Reference list includes:

• Demyelination disorders (MS, ADEM)
• Substance Abuse
• Electrolyte imbalance (hypo/hyper natremia)
• Stroke
• Brain Hemmhorage
• Trauma
• Tumor

Disease	Findings
Meningitis	Photophobia, phonophobia, rash associated with meningococcemia, concomitant sinusitis or otitis
Brain abscess	Varying depending on the location of the abscess; generally, on imaging, a lesion demonstrates both ring enhancement and central restricted diffusion
Demyelinating diseases	Multiple sclerosis: Typically well-demarcated ovoid lesions with possible T1 hypointensities (“black holes”) Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: diffuse or multi-lesion enhancement, with indistinct lesion borders
Substance abuse	Varying depending on type of substance: prior history, drug-seeking behavior, attention-seeking behavior, paranoia, sudden panic, anxiety
Yellow fever and other Flaviviridae	Present with hemorrhagic complications. Epidemiological investigation may reveal a pattern of disease transmission by an insect vector. Virus isolation and serological investigation serves to distinguish these viruses. Confirmed history of previous yellow fever vaccination will rule out yellow fever.
Shigellosis & other bacterial enteric infections	Presents with diarrhea, possibly bloody, accompanied by fever, nausea, and toxemia, vomiting, cramps, and tenesmus. Stools contain blood and mucous in a typical case. A search for possible sites of bacterial infection, together with cultures and blood smears, should be made. Presence of leukocytosis distinguishes bacterial infections from viral infections.
Ebola	Presents with fever, chills vomiting, diarrhea, generalized pain or malaise, and internal and external bleeding, that follow an incubation period of 2-21 days.
Others	Scarlet fever, leptospirosis, viral hepatitis, typhus, and mononucleosis can produce signs and symptoms that may be confused with rheumatic fever in early stages of infection.