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=Encephalitis Table=
=Encephalitis Table=


Reference list includes:<ref name="pmid21932127">{{cite journal| author=Eckstein C, Saidha S, Levy M| title=A differential diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination: beyond multiple sclerosis. | journal=J Neurol | year= 2012 | volume= 259 | issue= 5 | pages= 801-16 | pmid=21932127 | doi=10.1007/s00415-011-6240-5 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21932127  }} </ref>
Reference list includes:<ref name="pmid21932127">{{cite journal| author=Eckstein C, Saidha S, Levy M| title=A differential diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination: beyond multiple sclerosis. | journal=J Neurol | year= 2012 | volume= 259 | issue= 5 | pages= 801-16 | pmid=21932127 | doi=10.1007/s00415-011-6240-5 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21932127  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11260760">{{cite journal| author=De Kruijk JR, Twijnstra A, Leffers P| title=Diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury. | journal=Brain Inj | year= 2001 | volume= 15 | issue= 2 | pages= 99-106 | pmid=11260760 | doi=10.1080/026990501458335 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11260760  }} </ref>
 


*Demyelination disorders (MS, ADEM)
*Substance Abuse
*Electrolyte imbalance (hypo/hyper natremia)
*Stroke
*Stroke
*Brain Hemmhorage
*Brain Hemmhorage
*Trauma
*Trauma
*Tumor
 




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|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Brain abscess]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Brain abscess]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Varying depending on the location of the abscess; generally, on imaging, a [[lesion]] demonstrates both ring enhancement and central restricted diffusion  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Varies depending on the location of the abscess; generally, on imaging, a [[lesion]] demonstrates both ring enhancement and central restricted diffusion  
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Demyelinating disease]]s'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Demyelinating disease]]s'''
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|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Substance abuse]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Substance abuse]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Varying depending on type of substance: prior history, drug-seeking behavior, attention-seeking behavior, [[paranoia]], sudden [[panic]], [[anxiety]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Varies depending on type of substance: prior history, drug-seeking behavior, attention-seeking behavior, [[paranoia]], sudden [[panic]], [[anxiety]]
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Yellow fever]] and other [[Flaviviridae]] '''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Electrolyte disturbance]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Present with [[hemorrhage|hemorrhagic]] complications. [[Epidemiological]] investigation may reveal a pattern of disease [[transmission]] by an insect vector. Virus isolation and serological investigation serves to distinguish these [[viruses]]. Confirmed history of previous [[yellow fever]] [[vaccination]] will rule out [[yellow fever]].
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Varies depending on deficient ions; on [[EKG]], abnormalities in [[T wave]], [[P wave]], [[QRS complex]]; possible presentations include [[arrhythmia]], [[dehydration]], [[renal failure]]
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Shigellosis]] & other bacterial enteric infections'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Stroke]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Presents with [[diarrhea]], possibly [[Dysentery|bloody]], accompanied by [[fever]], [[nausea]], and [[toxemia]], [[vomiting]], [[cramps]], and [[tenesmus]]. [[Stool]]s contain [[blood]] and mucous in a typical case. A search for possible sites of bacterial infection, together with cultures and [[blood smear]]s, should be made. Presence of [[leukocytosis]] distinguishes bacterial infections from [[viral infections]].
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Varies depending on classification of stroke; presents with positional [[vertigo]], high [[blood pressure]], [[extremities|extremity]] weakness
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Ebola]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Intracranial hemorrhage]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Presents with [[fever]], [[chills]] [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], generalized [[pain]] or [[malaise]], and [[Internal bleeding|internal]] and external [[bleeding]], that follow an [[incubation period]] of 2-21 days.
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Lobar [[hemorrhage]], [[numbness]], [[tingling]], [[hypertension]], [[hemorrhagic diathesis]]
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''Others'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Trauma]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Scarlet fever]], [[leptospirosis]], [[viral hepatitis]], [[typhus]], and [[mononucleosis]] can produce [[signs]] and [[symptoms]] that may be confused with rheumatic fever in early stages of infection.
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Amnesia]], [[loss of consciousness]], [[dizziness]], [[concussion]], [[contusion]]
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 15:10, 26 April 2016

Encephalitis Table

Reference list includes:[1][2]


  • Stroke
  • Brain Hemmhorage
  • Trauma


Disease Findings
Meningitis Photophobia, phonophobia, rash associated with meningococcemia, concomitant sinusitis or otitis
Brain abscess Varies depending on the location of the abscess; generally, on imaging, a lesion demonstrates both ring enhancement and central restricted diffusion
Demyelinating diseases Multiple sclerosis: Typically well-demarcated ovoid lesions with possible T1 hypointensities (“black holes”)

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: diffuse or multi-lesion enhancement, with indistinct lesion borders

Substance abuse Varies depending on type of substance: prior history, drug-seeking behavior, attention-seeking behavior, paranoia, sudden panic, anxiety
Electrolyte disturbance Varies depending on deficient ions; on EKG, abnormalities in T wave, P wave, QRS complex; possible presentations include arrhythmia, dehydration, renal failure
Stroke Varies depending on classification of stroke; presents with positional vertigo, high blood pressure, extremity weakness
Intracranial hemorrhage Lobar hemorrhage, numbness, tingling, hypertension, hemorrhagic diathesis
Trauma Amnesia, loss of consciousness, dizziness, concussion, contusion
  1. ↑ Eckstein C, Saidha S, Levy M (2012). "A differential diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination: beyond multiple sclerosis". J Neurol. 259 (5): 801–16. doi:10.1007/s00415-011-6240-5. PMID 21932127.
  2. ↑ De Kruijk JR, Twijnstra A, Leffers P (2001). "Diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury". Brain Inj. 15 (2): 99–106. doi:10.1080/026990501458335. PMID 11260760.
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