Villous adenoma

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Your Name

Synonyms and keywords: Synonym 1; Synonym 2; Synonym 3

Overview

Villous adenoma is a type of polyp that grows in the colon and other places in the gastrointestinal tract and sometimes in other parts of the body. These adenomas may become malignant (cancerous).

Historical Perspective

• Villous adenoma was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
• In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of villous adenoma.
• In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose villous adenoma.

Classification

• Villous adenoma may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:

• [group1]
• [group2]
• [group3]

• Other variants of villous adenoma include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].

Pathophysiology

• The pathogenesis of villous adenoma is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
• The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of villous adenoma, involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
• On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of villous adenoma.
• On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of villous adenoma.

Causes

• Villous adenoma may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
• Villous adenoma is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s].
• There are no established causes for villous adenoma.

Differentiating villous adenoma from other Diseases

• Villous adenoma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:

• [Differential dx1]
• [Differential dx2]
• [Differential dx3]

Epidemiology and Demographics

• The prevalence of villous adenoma is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
• In [year], the incidence of villous adenoma was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].

Age

• Patients of all age groups may develop villous adenoma.

• Villous adenoma is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
• Villous adenoma is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].

Gender

• Villous adenoma affects men and women equally.

• [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with villous adenoma than [gender 2].
• The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.

Race

• There is no racial predilection for villous adenoma.

• Villous adenoma usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
• [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop villous adenoma.

Risk Factors

• Common risk factors in the development of villous adenoma are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

• The majority of patients with villous adenoma remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
• Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
• If left untreated, [#%] of patients with villous adenoma may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
• Common complications of villous adenoma include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
• Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10­year mortality/survival rate] of patients with villous adenoma is approximately [#%].

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

• The diagnosis of villous adenoma is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:

• [criterion 1]
• [criterion 2]
• [criterion 3]
• [criterion 4]

Symptoms

• Villous adenoma is usually asymptomatic.
• Symptoms of villous adenoma may include the following:

• [symptom 1]
• [symptom 2]
• [symptom 3]
• [symptom 4]
• [symptom 5]
• [symptom 6]

Physical Examination

• Patients with villous adenoma usually appear [general appearance].
• Physical examination may be remarkable for:

• [finding 1]
• [finding 2]
• [finding 3]
• [finding 4]
• [finding 5]
• [finding 6]

Laboratory Findings

• There are no specific laboratory findings associated with villous adenoma.

• A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of villous adenoma.
• An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of villous adenoma.
• Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of villous adenoma include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

Imaging Findings

• There are no [imaging study] findings associated with villous adenoma.

• [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for villous adenoma.
• On [imaging study 1], villous adenoma is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
• [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Other Diagnostic Studies

• Villous adenoma may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
• Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment

Medical Therapy

• There is no treatment for villous adenoma; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.

• The mainstay of therapy for villous adenoma is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
• [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
• Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].

Surgery

• Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for villous adenoma.
• [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of villous adenoma.
• [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] villous adenoma.

Prevention

• There are no primary preventive measures available for villous adenoma.

• Effective measures for the primary prevention of villous adenoma include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].

• Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with villous adenoma are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].