Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
ARDS may result from a wide variety of direct and indirect insults to the lung. The most common cause of ARDS is [[sepsis]], followed by [[aspiration pneumonia|aspiration pneumonitis]] and [[transfusion-related acute lung injury|transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)]] | ARDS may result from a wide variety of direct and indirect insults to the lung. The most common cause of ARDS is [[sepsis]], followed by [[aspiration pneumonia|aspiration pneumonitis]] and [[transfusion-related acute lung injury|transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)]].<ref name="pmid7091520">{{cite journal| author=Pepe PE, Potkin RT, Reus DH, Hudson LD, Carrico CJ| title=Clinical predictors of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. | journal=Am J Surg | year= 1982 | volume= 144 | issue= 1 | pages= 124-30 | pmid=7091520 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7091520 }} </ref> Certain medical comorbidities (e.g., [[chronic liver disease|chronic liver]] or [[chronic kidney disease|chronic kidney disease]], [[alcoholism]], [[HIV|infection with the human immunodeficiency virus]], prior [[organ transplantation]]) predispose to the development of ARDS, and the risk for developing ARDS increases along with the number of acute insults sustained by the patient (e.g., [[pneumonia]] and [[pancreatitis]] versus [[pancreatitis]] alone). | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S [2]
Overview
ARDS may result from a wide variety of direct and indirect insults to the lung. The most common cause of ARDS is sepsis, followed by aspiration pneumonitis and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).[1] Certain medical comorbidities (e.g., chronic liver or chronic kidney disease, alcoholism, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, prior organ transplantation) predispose to the development of ARDS, and the risk for developing ARDS increases along with the number of acute insults sustained by the patient (e.g., pneumonia and pancreatitis versus pancreatitis alone).
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. This is a life-threatening condition with majority of patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
Causes
ARDS may occur as the result of either a direct or indirect insult to the lungs:
- Direct insult
- Pneumonia
- Aspiration pneumonitis
- Toxin inhalation
- Smoke inhalation
- Fat embolism
- Amniotic fluid embolism
- Near-drowning (fresh water drowning more often than salt water drowning)
- Physical trauma to the lungs (e.g., lung contusion)
- Indirect insult:
- Sepsis
- massive blood transfusion
- Adverse drug reactions and toxic exposures (e.g., acetylsalicylic acid overdose, narcotic overdose)
- Extrapulmonary traumatic injury (e.g., head trauma)
- Pancreatitis
- Burns
- Cardiopulmonary bypass
Sepsis is the most common cause of ARDS, followed by aspiration pneumonitis and transfusion-related acute lung injury[1] Certain medical comorbidities (e.g., chronic liver or kidney disease, alcoholism, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, prior organ transplantation) predispose to the development of ARDS, and the risk for developing ARDS increases along with the number of acute insults (e.g., pneumonia and pancreatitis versus pancreatitis alone).
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pepe PE, Potkin RT, Reus DH, Hudson LD, Carrico CJ (1982). "Clinical predictors of the adult respiratory distress syndrome". Am J Surg. 144 (1): 124–30. PMID 7091520.
- ↑ de Prost N, Mekontso-Dessap A, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Van Nhieu JT, Duong TA, Chosidow O; et al. (2014). "Acute respiratory failure in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis: clinical features and factors associated with mechanical ventilation". Crit Care Med. 42 (1): 118–28. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31829eb94f. PMID 23989174.