Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes: Difference between revisions
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ARDS itself is a life-threatening condition that carries a high mortality rate; as such, any cause of ARDS may be considered life-threatening. | ARDS itself is a life-threatening condition that carries a high mortality rate; as such, any cause of ARDS may be considered life-threatening. | ||
==Causes== | ==Common Causes== | ||
ARDS may occur as the result of either a ''direct'' or ''indirect'' insult to the lungs: | ARDS may occur as the result of either a ''direct'' or ''indirect'' insult to the lungs: | ||
*'''Direct insult''' | *'''Direct insult''' | ||
:*Pneumonia | :*[[Pneumonia|Pneumonia (bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic]] | ||
:*[[Chemical pneumonitis|Aspiration pneumonitis]] | :*[[Chemical pneumonitis|Aspiration pneumonitis]] | ||
:* | :*[[Toxic inhalationToxic inhalation]] | ||
:*Smoke inhalation | :*[[Smoke inhalation]] | ||
:*Fat embolism | :*[[Fat embolism]] | ||
:*Amniotic fluid embolism | :*[[Amniotic fluid embolism]] | ||
:*[[Drowning|Near-drowning]] (fresh water drowning more | :*[[Drowning|Near-drowning]] (fresh water drowning seems to be more likely to cause ARDS than salt water drowning) | ||
:*Physical trauma to the lungs (e.g., [[ | :*Physical trauma to the lungs (e.g., [[pulmonary contusion]]) | ||
*'''Indirect insult''': | *'''Indirect insult''': | ||
:*[[Sepsis]] | :*[[Sepsis]] | ||
:*[[TRALI|massive blood transfusion]] | :*[[TRALI|massive blood transfusion]] | ||
:*[[Adverse drug reaction]]s and [[toxic exposures]] (e.g., [[acetylsalicylic acid]] overdose, [[ | :*[[Adverse drug reaction]]s and [[toxic exposures]] (e.g., [[acetylsalicylic acid]] overdose, [[heroin]] overdose) | ||
:*Extrapulmonary traumatic injury (e.g., [[head trauma]]) | :*Extrapulmonary traumatic injury (e.g., [[head trauma]], [[polytrauma]]) | ||
:*[[Pancreatitis]] | :*[[Pancreatitis]] | ||
:*[[Burns]] | :*[[Burns|Surface burns]] | ||
:*[[Cardiopulmonary bypass]] | :*[[Cardiopulmonary bypass]] | ||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
Revision as of 23:51, 20 June 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S [2]
Overview
ARDS may result from a wide variety of direct and indirect insults to the lung. The most common cause of ARDS is sepsis, followed by aspiration pneumonitis and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).[1] Certain medical comorbidities (e.g., chronic liver or chronic kidney disease, alcoholism, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, prior organ transplantation) predispose to the development of ARDS, and the risk for developing ARDS increases along with the number of acute insults sustained by the patient (e.g., pneumonia and pancreatitis versus pancreatitis alone).
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
ARDS itself is a life-threatening condition that carries a high mortality rate; as such, any cause of ARDS may be considered life-threatening.
Common Causes
ARDS may occur as the result of either a direct or indirect insult to the lungs:
- Direct insult
- Pneumonia (bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic
- Aspiration pneumonitis
- Toxic inhalationToxic inhalation
- Smoke inhalation
- Fat embolism
- Amniotic fluid embolism
- Near-drowning (fresh water drowning seems to be more likely to cause ARDS than salt water drowning)
- Physical trauma to the lungs (e.g., pulmonary contusion)
- Indirect insult:
- Sepsis
- massive blood transfusion
- Adverse drug reactions and toxic exposures (e.g., acetylsalicylic acid overdose, heroin overdose)
- Extrapulmonary traumatic injury (e.g., head trauma, polytrauma)
- Pancreatitis
- Surface burns
- Cardiopulmonary bypass
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Pepe PE, Potkin RT, Reus DH, Hudson LD, Carrico CJ (1982). "Clinical predictors of the adult respiratory distress syndrome". Am J Surg. 144 (1): 124–30. PMID 7091520.
- ↑ de Prost N, Mekontso-Dessap A, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Van Nhieu JT, Duong TA, Chosidow O; et al. (2014). "Acute respiratory failure in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis: clinical features and factors associated with mechanical ventilation". Crit Care Med. 42 (1): 118–28. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31829eb94f. PMID 23989174.