Conjunctivitis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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Conjunctivitis accounts for 1% of all primary care visits and emergency room visits. | Conjunctivitis accounts for 1% of all primary care visits and emergency room visits. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Prevalence=== | ===Prevalence=== | ||
[[Viruses]] cause up to 80% of all cases of acute conjunctivitis, and Between 65% and 90% of cases of '''viral conjunctivitis''' are caused by ''[[adenoviruses]]''.''[[Herpes simplex virus]]'' comprises 1.3% to 4.8% of all cases of acute conjunctivitis. The incidence of '''bacterial conjunctivitis''' was estimated to be 135 in 10,000. | [[Viruses]] cause up to 80% of all cases of acute conjunctivitis, and Between 65% and 90% of cases of '''viral conjunctivitis''' are caused by ''[[adenoviruses]]''.''[[Herpes simplex virus]]'' comprises 1.3% to 4.8% of all cases of acute conjunctivitis. The incidence of '''bacterial conjunctivitis''' was estimated to be 135 in 10,000 population/ year. | ||
Prevalence of '''neonatal conjunctivitis''' has decreased significantly in developed countries since the abandonment of silver nitrate as topical prophylaxis. Current estimates of prevalence of neonatal conjunctivitis in developed countries are < 0.5%. The incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis is still high in certain regions of the world, particularly in developing countries. A recent study found an estimated prevalence of 17% among nearly 1000 newborn infants in Pakistan, and Incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis remains high in Africa.<ref name="pmid2877285">{{cite journal| author=Laga M, Plummer FA, Nzanze H, Namaara W, Brunham RC, Ndinya-Achola JO et al.| title=Epidemiology of ophthalmia neonatorum in Kenya. | journal=Lancet | year= 1986 | volume= 2 | issue= 8516 | pages= 1145-9 | pmid=2877285 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2877285 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24150468">{{cite journal| author=Azari AA, Barney NP| title=Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment. | journal=JAMA | year= 2013 | volume= 310 | issue= 16 | pages= 1721-9 | pmid=24150468 | doi=10.1001/jama.2013.280318 | pmc=4049531 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24150468 }} </ref> | Prevalence of '''neonatal conjunctivitis''' has decreased significantly in developed countries since the abandonment of silver nitrate as topical prophylaxis. Current estimates of prevalence of neonatal conjunctivitis in developed countries are < 0.5%. The incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis is still high in certain regions of the world, particularly in developing countries. A recent study found an estimated prevalence of 17% among nearly 1000 newborn infants in Pakistan, and Incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis remains high in Africa.<ref name="pmid2877285">{{cite journal| author=Laga M, Plummer FA, Nzanze H, Namaara W, Brunham RC, Ndinya-Achola JO et al.| title=Epidemiology of ophthalmia neonatorum in Kenya. | journal=Lancet | year= 1986 | volume= 2 | issue= 8516 | pages= 1145-9 | pmid=2877285 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2877285 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24150468">{{cite journal| author=Azari AA, Barney NP| title=Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment. | journal=JAMA | year= 2013 | volume= 310 | issue= 16 | pages= 1721-9 | pmid=24150468 | doi=10.1001/jama.2013.280318 | pmc=4049531 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24150468 }} </ref> | ||
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The prevalence '''keratoconjunctivitis''' ranges from 12 to 106 cases per 100,000 population. | The prevalence '''keratoconjunctivitis''' ranges from 12 to 106 cases per 100,000 population. | ||
===Incidence=== | |||
The incidence of '''bacterial conjunctivitis''' was estimated to be 135 in 10,000 population/ year. | |||
The incidence of '''neonatal conjunctivitis''' ranges from 1-2% | |||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
The incidence is higher in children <1 year old (8000 cases per 100,000 patient-years) than in children >4 years of age (1200 cases per 100,000 patient-years). While viral conjunctivitis is more common in adults, bacterial conjunctivitis is more common in children. | The incidence is higher in children <1 year old (8000 cases per 100,000 patient-years) than in children >4 years of age (1200 cases per 100,000 patient-years). While viral conjunctivitis is more common in adults, bacterial conjunctivitis is more common in children. | ||
===Gender=== | ===Gender=== | ||
Conjunctivitis occurs equally in males and females. | Conjunctivitis occurs equally in males and females. | ||
===Developed Countries=== | |||
===Developing Countries=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 19:32, 27 June 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Conjunctivitis accounts for 1% of all primary care visits and emergency room visits.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
Viruses cause up to 80% of all cases of acute conjunctivitis, and Between 65% and 90% of cases of viral conjunctivitis are caused by adenoviruses.Herpes simplex virus comprises 1.3% to 4.8% of all cases of acute conjunctivitis. The incidence of bacterial conjunctivitis was estimated to be 135 in 10,000 population/ year. Prevalence of neonatal conjunctivitis has decreased significantly in developed countries since the abandonment of silver nitrate as topical prophylaxis. Current estimates of prevalence of neonatal conjunctivitis in developed countries are < 0.5%. The incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis is still high in certain regions of the world, particularly in developing countries. A recent study found an estimated prevalence of 17% among nearly 1000 newborn infants in Pakistan, and Incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis remains high in Africa.[1][2]
Allergic conjunctivitis alone has been estimated in 6-30% of the general population and in up to 30% in children alone or in association with allergic rhinitis. Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is the most frequent form; however, studies from tertiary, ophthalmology referral centers report that the chronic forms, such as vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis, are the most frequently seen by ophthalmologists.[3]
The prevalence keratoconjunctivitis ranges from 12 to 106 cases per 100,000 population.
Incidence
The incidence of bacterial conjunctivitis was estimated to be 135 in 10,000 population/ year. The incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis ranges from 1-2%
Age
The incidence is higher in children <1 year old (8000 cases per 100,000 patient-years) than in children >4 years of age (1200 cases per 100,000 patient-years). While viral conjunctivitis is more common in adults, bacterial conjunctivitis is more common in children.
Gender
Conjunctivitis occurs equally in males and females.
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
References
- ↑ Laga M, Plummer FA, Nzanze H, Namaara W, Brunham RC, Ndinya-Achola JO; et al. (1986). "Epidemiology of ophthalmia neonatorum in Kenya". Lancet. 2 (8516): 1145–9. PMID 2877285.
- ↑ Azari AA, Barney NP (2013). "Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment". JAMA. 310 (16): 1721–9. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.280318. PMC 4049531. PMID 24150468.
- ↑ Leonardi A, Castegnaro A, Valerio AL, Lazzarini D (2015). "Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis: clinical appearance and treatment patterns in a population-based study". Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 15 (5): 482–8. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000204. PMID 26258920.