Conjunctivitis secondary prevention: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Secondary prevention strategies following conjunctivitis include [[ | Secondary prevention strategies following conjunctivitis include discontinued [[contact lens]] wear (infective conjunctivitis), identify the [[allergen]] and avoid the offending [[antigen]] ([[allergic conjunctivitis]]), and [[ocular]] [[prophylaxis]] with 0.5% [[erythromycin]] [[ointment]] or 1% [[tetracycline hydrochloride]] ([[ophthalmia neonatorum]]). | ||
Secondary prevention strategies following [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca|keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome)]] include avoid very dry environments, dusty and smoky areas and prolonged visual tasks. | Secondary prevention strategies following [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca|keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome)]] include avoid very dry environments, dusty and smoky areas and prolonged visual tasks. | ||
There is no established method for secondary prevention of superior limbic Keratoconjunctivitis. However, educating patients about disease process can improve compliance of patients with treatment, and help them to cope with the often prolonged symptoms.<ref name="pmid17696792">{{cite journal| author=Rose P| title=Management strategies for acute infective conjunctivitis in primary care: a systematic review. | journal=Expert Opin Pharmacother | year= 2007 | volume= 8 | issue= 12 | pages= 1903-21 | pmid=17696792 | doi=10.1517/14656566.8.12.1903 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17696792 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24235191">{{cite journal| author=Matejcek A, Goldman RD| title=Treatment and prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 2013 | volume= 59 | issue= 11 | pages= 1187-90 | pmid=24235191 | doi= | pmc=3828094 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24235191 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23497516">{{cite journal| author=La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S et al.| title=Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature. | journal=Ital J Pediatr | year= 2013 | volume= 39 | issue= | pages= 18 | pmid=23497516 | doi=10.1186/1824-7288-39-18 | pmc=3640929 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23497516 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25686388">{{cite journal| author=Messmer EM| title=The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2015 | volume= 112 | issue= 5 | pages= 71-81; quiz 82 | pmid=25686388 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071 | pmc=4335585 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25686388 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2695351">{{cite journal| author=Nelson JD| title=Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK). | journal=Eye (Lond) | year= 1989 | volume= 3 ( Pt 2) | issue= | pages= 180-9 | pmid=2695351 | doi=10.1038/eye.1989.26 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2695351 }} </ref> | There is no established method for secondary prevention of superior limbic Keratoconjunctivitis. However, educating patients about disease process can improve compliance of patients with treatment, and help them to cope with the often prolonged symptoms.<ref name="pmid17696792">{{cite journal| author=Rose P| title=Management strategies for acute infective conjunctivitis in primary care: a systematic review. | journal=Expert Opin Pharmacother | year= 2007 | volume= 8 | issue= 12 | pages= 1903-21 | pmid=17696792 | doi=10.1517/14656566.8.12.1903 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17696792 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24235191">{{cite journal| author=Matejcek A, Goldman RD| title=Treatment and prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 2013 | volume= 59 | issue= 11 | pages= 1187-90 | pmid=24235191 | doi= | pmc=3828094 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24235191 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23497516">{{cite journal| author=La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S et al.| title=Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature. | journal=Ital J Pediatr | year= 2013 | volume= 39 | issue= | pages= 18 | pmid=23497516 | doi=10.1186/1824-7288-39-18 | pmc=3640929 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23497516 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25686388">{{cite journal| author=Messmer EM| title=The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2015 | volume= 112 | issue= 5 | pages= 71-81; quiz 82 | pmid=25686388 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071 | pmc=4335585 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25686388 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2695351">{{cite journal| author=Nelson JD| title=Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK). | journal=Eye (Lond) | year= 1989 | volume= 3 ( Pt 2) | issue= | pages= 180-9 | pmid=2695351 | doi=10.1038/eye.1989.26 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2695351 }} </ref> | ||
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* Discontinued [[contact lens]] wear ('''infective Conjunctivitis''') | * Discontinued [[contact lens]] wear ('''infective Conjunctivitis''') | ||
===Neonatal Conjunctivitis=== | ===Neonatal Conjunctivitis=== | ||
Effective measures for the secondary prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis include:<ref name="pmid24235191">{{cite journal| author=Matejcek A, Goldman RD| title=Treatment and prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 2013 | volume= 59 | issue= 11 | pages= 1187-90 | pmid=24235191 | doi= | pmc=3828094 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24235191 }} </ref> | Effective measures for the secondary prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis ([[ophthalmia neonatorum]]) include:<ref name="pmid24235191">{{cite journal| author=Matejcek A, Goldman RD| title=Treatment and prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 2013 | volume= 59 | issue= 11 | pages= 1187-90 | pmid=24235191 | doi= | pmc=3828094 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24235191 }} </ref> | ||
* [[Ocular]] [[prophylaxis]] with 0.5% [[erythromycin]] [[ointment]] or 1% [[tetracycline hydrochloride]] be given to all newborns. | * [[Ocular]] [[prophylaxis]] with 0.5% [[erythromycin]] [[ointment]] or 1% [[tetracycline hydrochloride]] be given to all newborns. | ||
===Allergic conjunctivitis=== | ===Allergic conjunctivitis=== | ||
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
===Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca=== | ===Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca=== | ||
Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca|keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome)]] include:<ref name="pmid25686388">{{cite journal| author=Messmer EM| title=The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2015 | volume= 112 | issue= 5 | pages= 71-81; quiz 82 | pmid=25686388 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071 | pmc=4335585 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25686388 }} </ref> | Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca|keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome)]] include:<ref name="pmid25686388">{{cite journal| author=Messmer EM| title=The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2015 | volume= 112 | issue= 5 | pages= 71-81; quiz 82 | pmid=25686388 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071 | pmc=4335585 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25686388 }} </ref> | ||
*Avoid very dry environments (Furnaces and air conditioning can dry the air) | *Avoid very [[dry]] environments (Furnaces and air conditioning can dry the air) | ||
*Use a humidifier (puts moisture back into the air to prevent [[dry eyes]]) | *Use a humidifier (puts moisture back into the air to prevent [[dry eyes]]) | ||
*Avoid dusty and smoky areas | *Avoid dusty and smoky areas | ||
*Avoid prolonged visual tasks (staring at a computer screen, driving, watching television, and reading) | *Avoid prolonged [[visual]] tasks (staring at a computer screen, driving, watching television, and reading) | ||
*Promptly use [[artificial tears]] | *Promptly use [[artificial tears]] | ||
===Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis=== | ===Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis=== | ||
There is no established method for secondary prevention of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis. However, educating patients about disease process can improve compliance of patients with treatment, and help them to cope with the often prolonged symptoms.<ref name="pmid2695351">{{cite journal| author=Nelson JD| title=Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK). | journal=Eye (Lond) | year= 1989 | volume= 3 ( Pt 2) | issue= | pages= 180-9 | pmid=2695351 | doi=10.1038/eye.1989.26 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2695351 }} </ref> | There is no established method for secondary prevention of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis. However, educating patients about [[disease process]] can improve [[compliance]] of patients with treatment, and help them to cope with the often prolonged symptoms.<ref name="pmid2695351">{{cite journal| author=Nelson JD| title=Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK). | journal=Eye (Lond) | year= 1989 | volume= 3 ( Pt 2) | issue= | pages= 180-9 | pmid=2695351 | doi=10.1038/eye.1989.26 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2695351 }} </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 12:27, 8 July 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]
Overview
Secondary prevention strategies following conjunctivitis include discontinued contact lens wear (infective conjunctivitis), identify the allergen and avoid the offending antigen (allergic conjunctivitis), and ocular prophylaxis with 0.5% erythromycin ointment or 1% tetracycline hydrochloride (ophthalmia neonatorum). Secondary prevention strategies following keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome) include avoid very dry environments, dusty and smoky areas and prolonged visual tasks. There is no established method for secondary prevention of superior limbic Keratoconjunctivitis. However, educating patients about disease process can improve compliance of patients with treatment, and help them to cope with the often prolonged symptoms.[1][2][3][4][5]
Secondary Prevention
Infective Conjunctivitis
Effective measure for the secondary prevention of infective conjunctivitis include:[1]
- Discontinued contact lens wear (infective Conjunctivitis)
Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Effective measures for the secondary prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum) include:[2]
- Ocular prophylaxis with 0.5% erythromycin ointment or 1% tetracycline hydrochloride be given to all newborns.
Allergic conjunctivitis
Effective measures for the secondary prevention of allergic conjunctivitis include:[3]
- Identify the allergen and avoid the offending antigen
- Discontinued contact lens wear
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Effective measures for the secondary prevention of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome) include:[4]
- Avoid very dry environments (Furnaces and air conditioning can dry the air)
- Use a humidifier (puts moisture back into the air to prevent dry eyes)
- Avoid dusty and smoky areas
- Avoid prolonged visual tasks (staring at a computer screen, driving, watching television, and reading)
- Promptly use artificial tears
Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis
There is no established method for secondary prevention of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis. However, educating patients about disease process can improve compliance of patients with treatment, and help them to cope with the often prolonged symptoms.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rose P (2007). "Management strategies for acute infective conjunctivitis in primary care: a systematic review". Expert Opin Pharmacother. 8 (12): 1903–21. doi:10.1517/14656566.8.12.1903. PMID 17696792.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matejcek A, Goldman RD (2013). "Treatment and prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum". Can Fam Physician. 59 (11): 1187–90. PMC 3828094. PMID 24235191.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S; et al. (2013). "Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature". Ital J Pediatr. 39: 18. doi:10.1186/1824-7288-39-18. PMC 3640929. PMID 23497516.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Messmer EM (2015). "The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease". Dtsch Arztebl Int. 112 (5): 71–81, quiz 82. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071. PMC 4335585. PMID 25686388.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Nelson JD (1989). "Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK)". Eye (Lond). 3 ( Pt 2): 180–9. doi:10.1038/eye.1989.26. PMID 2695351.