Blepharitis causes: Difference between revisions

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===Causes===
===Causes===
Common causes of blepharitis include: <ref name="pmid19383269">{{cite journal| author=Lemp MA, Nichols KK| title=Blepharitis in the United States 2009: a survey-based perspective on prevalence and treatment. | journal=Ocul Surf | year= 2009 | volume= 7 | issue= 2 Suppl | pages= S1-S14 | pmid=19383269 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19383269  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20590417">{{cite journal| author=Bernardes TF, Bonfioli AA| title=Blepharitis. | journal=Semin Ophthalmol | year= 2010 | volume= 25 | issue= 3 | pages= 79-83 | pmid=20590417 | doi=10.3109/08820538.2010.488562 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20590417  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3466455">{{cite journal| author=McCulley JP, Dougherty JM| title=Bacterial aspects of chronic blepharitis. | journal=Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K | year= 1986 | volume= 105 ( Pt 3) | issue=  | pages= 314-8 | pmid=3466455 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3466455  }} </ref>
Common causes of blepharitis include: <ref name="pmid19383269">{{cite journal| author=Lemp MA, Nichols KK| title=Blepharitis in the United States 2009: a survey-based perspective on prevalence and treatment. | journal=Ocul Surf | year= 2009 | volume= 7 | issue= 2 Suppl | pages= S1-S14 | pmid=19383269 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19383269  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20590417">{{cite journal| author=Bernardes TF, Bonfioli AA| title=Blepharitis. | journal=Semin Ophthalmol | year= 2010 | volume= 25 | issue= 3 | pages= 79-83 | pmid=20590417 | doi=10.3109/08820538.2010.488562 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20590417  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3466455">{{cite journal| author=McCulley JP, Dougherty JM| title=Bacterial aspects of chronic blepharitis. | journal=Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K | year= 1986 | volume= 105 ( Pt 3) | issue=  | pages= 314-8 | pmid=3466455 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3466455  }} </ref>
**[[Bacterial colonization]]
**Bacterial colonization
**''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' (most common)
**''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' (most common)
**''[[Corynebacterium]]''
**''[[Corynebacterium]]''
** ''[[Staphylococcus epidermidis]]''
**''[[Staphylococcus epidermidis]]''
*[[meibomian gland|Dysfunctional meibomian glands]]
*[[Meibomian gland|Dysfunctional meibomian glands]]
*[[Allergies]] (less common)
*[[Allergies]] (less common)
*[[Demodex folliculorum]] (small parasitic mites)
*Demodex folliculorum (small parasitic mites)


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===

Revision as of 15:23, 12 July 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Common causes of blepharitis include seborrheic dermatitis and bacterial infections.

Causes

Common causes of blepharitis include: [1][2][3]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning Chemical irritants, mustard gas
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Atopic dermatitis, congenital erythropoietic porphyria, contact dermatitis, dyskeratosis congenita, epidermolysis bullosa, psoriasis, rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, skin cancer, xeroderma pigmentosum
Drug Side Effect Acitretin, apraclonidine, atropine (systemic), betaxolol (systemic), bexarotene (systemic), brimonidine (ophthalmic), brinzolamide, cetuximab, clomipramine, difluprednate, dipivefrin, erythromycin and benzoyl peroxide topical (patient information), fluocinolone (ophthalmic), gatifloxacin, gefitinib, iloperidone, ipilimumab, isotretinoin, lansoprazole, lodoxamide tromethamine, loteprednol, methotrexate, metipranolol, mirtazapine, mupirocin, nisoldipine, nitisinone, pegaptanib, pentamidine (oral inhalation), pramipexole, pregabalin, quetiapine, ranibizumab, rasagiline, saquinavir, tacrolimus (topical), tiagabine, timolol (ophthalmic), travoprost, unoprostone, venlafaxine, verteporfin, zaleplon, ziprasidone
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Diabetes, glucagonoma syndrome
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Congenital erythropoietic porphyria, Crohn’s disease
Genetic Congenital erythropoietic porphyria, dyskeratosis congenita, epidermolysis bullosa, lipoid proteinosis, myotonic dystrophy, xeroderma pigmentosum
Hematologic Congenital erythropoietic porphyria
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Demodex, herpes simplex virus infection, HIV, lice, molluscum contagiosum, pediculosis, periorbital cellulitis, phthiriasis, propionibacterium acnes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, syphilis, varicella zoster
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Myotonic dystrophy
Neurologic Myotonic dystrophy
Nutritional/Metabolic Lipoid proteinosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Glucagonoma syndrome, skin cancer
Ophthalmologic Atopic keratoconjunctivitis, chalazion, contact lens, dry eyes, dysfunctional meibomian glands, periorbital cellulitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Allergies, atopic dermatitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, chronic graft-versus-host disease, Sjögren's syndrome
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Poor hygiene

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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3

References

  1. ↑ Lemp MA, Nichols KK (2009). "Blepharitis in the United States 2009: a survey-based perspective on prevalence and treatment". Ocul Surf. 7 (2 Suppl): S1–S14. PMID 19383269.
  2. ↑ Bernardes TF, Bonfioli AA (2010). "Blepharitis". Semin Ophthalmol. 25 (3): 79–83. doi:10.3109/08820538.2010.488562. PMID 20590417.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 McCulley JP, Dougherty JM (1986). "Bacterial aspects of chronic blepharitis". Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 105 ( Pt 3): 314–8. PMID 3466455.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Auw-Haedrich C, Reinhard T (2007). "[Chronic blepharitis. Pathogenesis, clinical features, and therapy]". Ophthalmologe. 104 (9): 817–26, quiz 827-8. doi:10.1007/s00347-007-1608-8. PMID 17762935.
  5. ↑ Dranko S, Kinney C, Ramanathan RK (2006). "Ocular toxicity related to cetuximab monotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer". Clin Colorectal Cancer. 6 (3): 224–5. doi:10.3816/CCC.2006.n.040. PMID 17026793.
  6. ↑ Yilmaz S, Aydemir E, Maden A, Unsal B (2007). "The prevalence of ocular involvement in patients with inflammatory bowel disease". Int J Colorectal Dis. 22 (9): 1027–30. doi:10.1007/s00384-007-0275-1. PMID 17262200.
  7. ↑ Driver PJ, Lemp MA (1996). "Meibomian gland dysfunction". Surv Ophthalmol. 40 (5): 343–67. PMID 8779082.
  8. ↑ Biswas J, Sudharshan S (2008). "Anterior segment manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome". Indian J Ophthalmol. 56 (5): 363–75. PMC 2636142. PMID 18711264.
  9. ↑ Karimian F, Zarei-Ghanavati S, A BR, Jadidi K, Lotfi-Kian A (2011). "Microbiological evaluation of chronic blepharitis among Iranian veterans exposed to mustard gas: a case-controlled study". Cornea. 30 (6): 620–3. doi:10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181e16f7c. PMID 21282998.
  10. ↑ Rehal B, Modjtahedi BS, Morse LS, Schwab IR, Maibach HI (2011). "Ocular psoriasis". J Am Acad Dermatol. 65 (6): 1202–12. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.10.032. PMID 21550135.
  11. ↑ Brooks BP, Thompson AH, Bishop RJ, Clayton JA, Chan CC, Tsilou ET; et al. (2013). "Ocular manifestations of xeroderma pigmentosum: long-term follow-up highlights the role of DNA repair in protection from sun damage". Ophthalmology. 120 (7): 1324–36. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.12.044. PMC 3702678. PMID 23601806.

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