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The presence of multiple predisposing factors substantially increases the risk for developing ARDS.<ref>Pepe, P. E., R. T. Potkin, D. H. Reus, L. D. Hudson, and C. J. Carrico. “Clinical Predictors of the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome.” American Journal of Surgery 144, no. 1 (July 1982): 124–30.</ref> The most potent risk factor in the development of ARDS is [[chronic alcoholism]].<ref name="pmid8531287">{{cite journal| author=Moss M, Bucher B, Moore FA, Moore EE, Parsons PE| title=The role of chronic alcohol abuse in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. | journal=JAMA | year= 1996 | volume= 275 | issue= 1 | pages= 50-4 | pmid=8531287 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8531287 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12682442">{{cite journal| author=Moss M, Burnham EL| title=Chronic alcohol abuse, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction. | journal=Crit Care Med | year= 2003 | volume= 31 | issue= 4 Suppl | pages= S207-12 | pmid=12682442 | doi=10.1097/01.CCM.0000057845.77458.25 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12682442 }} </ref> Other risk factors include:<ref name="pmid11008971">{{cite journal| author=Mangialardi RJ, Martin GS, Bernard GR, Wheeler AP, Christman BW, Dupont WD et al.| title=Hypoproteinemia predicts acute respiratory distress syndrome development, weight gain, and death in patients with sepsis. Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group. | journal=Crit Care Med | year= 2000 | volume= 28 | issue= 9 | pages= 3137-45 | pmid=11008971 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11008971 }} </ref><ref>Hudson, L. D., J. A. Milberg, D. Anardi, and R. J. Maunder. “Clinical Risks for Development of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 151, no. 2 Pt 1 (February 1995): 293–301. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.2.7842182.</ref> | The presence of multiple predisposing factors substantially increases the risk for developing ARDS.<ref>Pepe, P. E., R. T. Potkin, D. H. Reus, L. D. Hudson, and C. J. Carrico. “Clinical Predictors of the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome.” American Journal of Surgery 144, no. 1 (July 1982): 124–30.</ref> The most potent risk factor in the development of ARDS is [[chronic alcoholism]].<ref name="pmid8531287">{{cite journal| author=Moss M, Bucher B, Moore FA, Moore EE, Parsons PE| title=The role of chronic alcohol abuse in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. | journal=JAMA | year= 1996 | volume= 275 | issue= 1 | pages= 50-4 | pmid=8531287 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8531287 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12682442">{{cite journal| author=Moss M, Burnham EL| title=Chronic alcohol abuse, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction. | journal=Crit Care Med | year= 2003 | volume= 31 | issue= 4 Suppl | pages= S207-12 | pmid=12682442 | doi=10.1097/01.CCM.0000057845.77458.25 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12682442 }} </ref> Other risk factors include:<ref name="pmid11008971">{{cite journal| author=Mangialardi RJ, Martin GS, Bernard GR, Wheeler AP, Christman BW, Dupont WD et al.| title=Hypoproteinemia predicts acute respiratory distress syndrome development, weight gain, and death in patients with sepsis. Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group. | journal=Crit Care Med | year= 2000 | volume= 28 | issue= 9 | pages= 3137-45 | pmid=11008971 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11008971 }} </ref><ref>Hudson, L. D., J. A. Milberg, D. Anardi, and R. J. Maunder. “Clinical Risks for Development of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 151, no. 2 Pt 1 (February 1995): 293–301. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.2.7842182.</ref> | ||
*[[Advanced age]] | *[[Advanced age]] | ||
* [[Chronic alcoholism]] (including [[alcoholic liver disease]] and[[hepatic cirrhosis]]) | * [[Chronic alcoholism]] (including [[alcoholic liver disease]] and [[hepatic cirrhosis]]) | ||
* History of prior lung disease (including [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], [[interstitial lung disease]], and [[Pulmonary heart disease|pulmonary vascular disease]]) | * History of prior lung disease (including [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], [[interstitial lung disease]], and [[Pulmonary heart disease|pulmonary vascular disease]]) | ||
* Unexplained [[hypotension]] ([[systolic blood pressure]] < 90 mm Hg for > 2 hours) | * Unexplained [[hypotension]] ([[systolic blood pressure]] < 90 mm Hg for > 2 hours) | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Brian Shaller, M.D. [2]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of ARDS is chronic alcoholism. Other risk factors include advanced age, cigarette smoke exposure, and chronic liver disease.
Risk Factors
The presence of multiple predisposing factors substantially increases the risk for developing ARDS.[1] The most potent risk factor in the development of ARDS is chronic alcoholism.[2][3] Other risk factors include:[4][5]
- Advanced age
- Chronic alcoholism (including alcoholic liver disease and hepatic cirrhosis)
- History of prior lung disease (including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary vascular disease)
- Unexplained hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg for > 2 hours)
- Low systemic vascular resistance (< 800 dynes/s/cm5)
- Metabolic acidosis with anion gap > 20 mEq/L or base deficit > 5 mEq/L
- Chronic kidney disease
- Cigarette smoke exposure
- Hypoalbuminemia
- HIV
- Organ transplantation
References
- ↑ Pepe, P. E., R. T. Potkin, D. H. Reus, L. D. Hudson, and C. J. Carrico. “Clinical Predictors of the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome.” American Journal of Surgery 144, no. 1 (July 1982): 124–30.
- ↑ Moss M, Bucher B, Moore FA, Moore EE, Parsons PE (1996). "The role of chronic alcohol abuse in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults". JAMA. 275 (1): 50–4. PMID 8531287.
- ↑ Moss M, Burnham EL (2003). "Chronic alcohol abuse, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction". Crit Care Med. 31 (4 Suppl): S207–12. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000057845.77458.25. PMID 12682442.
- ↑ Mangialardi RJ, Martin GS, Bernard GR, Wheeler AP, Christman BW, Dupont WD; et al. (2000). "Hypoproteinemia predicts acute respiratory distress syndrome development, weight gain, and death in patients with sepsis. Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group". Crit Care Med. 28 (9): 3137–45. PMID 11008971.
- ↑ Hudson, L. D., J. A. Milberg, D. Anardi, and R. J. Maunder. “Clinical Risks for Development of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 151, no. 2 Pt 1 (February 1995): 293–301. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.2.7842182.