Orbital cellulitis causes

Orbital cellulitis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Split by bacterial causes, fungal causes and mycobacteria

Discuss thoroughly sinusitis and what bacteria is associated with that.(Strep, Staph, H. Influenza) Mention less common causes in order of relavence - Bacteremia , Iatrogenic and their implicated most common pathogens. Mention also possible for fungal infxn by mucormycosis in immunocompromised as the most severe ENT infxn in immunocompromised.

Overview

Common causes of orbital cellulitis are infections with either Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or beta-hemolytic streptococci.

Causes

Orbital cellulitis occurs commonly from bacterial infection spread by the paranasal sinuses. Other ways in which orbital cellulitis may occur is from infection in the blood stream and from an eyelid skin infection. Upper respiratory infection, sinusitis, trauma to the eye, ocular or periocular infection and systemic infection all increase one’s risk of orbital cellulitis. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-hemolytic streptococci are three bacteria that can be responsible for orbital cellulitis.

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

• Bacterial rhinosinusitis
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Streptococci
• Streptococcus anginosus

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	Dental infection, tooth abscess
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	Ethmoid sinusitis, otitis media, sinusitis
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Peribulbar anesthesia, surgical trauma
Infectious Disease	Aeromonas hydrophila, anaerobes, arcanobacterium, aspergillosis, aspergillus, bacterial rhinosinusitis, bacteroides, beta-hemolytic streptococci, dacryocystitis, dental infection, eikenella corrodens, enterococcus, ethmoid sinusitis, haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae, infected mucocele, klebsiella pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, MRSA, MSSA, mucor, mucorales, mucormycosis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, neisseria gonorrhea, osteomyelitis of the orbital bones, otitis media, peptostreptococcus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, rothia mucilaginosa, sinusitis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus anginosus, streptococcus milleri, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus, tooth abscess, varicella
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	Blepharoplasty, dacryocystitis, dacryocystorhinostomy, eyelid surgery, ophthalmic surgery, orbital decompression, orbital fracture, osteomyelitis of the orbital bones, radial keratotomy, retinal surgery, strabismus surgery
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Orbital fracture, trauma
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Foreign body, phlebitis of the facial veins

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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