Orbital cellulitis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Orbital cellulitis}} | {{Orbital cellulitis}} | ||
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==Natural History, | ==Overview== | ||
==Natural History== | |||
==Complications== | |||
Complications that can develop as a result of orbital cellulitis are: | |||
===Abscess=== | |||
Abscesses are a common complication of orbital cellulitis. The most commonly encountered abscesses in this scenario are subperiosteal and orbital abscesses. | |||
====Subperiosteal abscess==== | |||
====Orbital abscess==== | |||
===Loss of vision=== | |||
Loss of vision is among the most serious complications of orbital cellulitis. It occurs due to compression of the ophthalmic arteries, veins, or optic nerve by a growing abscess. | |||
===Intracranial extension=== | |||
Intracranial extension of orbital cellulitis is among the most serious complication. It may result in [[encephalitis]] or [[meningitis]] | |||
===Cavernous sinus thrombosis=== | |||
[[Cavernous sinus thrombosis]] is among the most common causes of death due to orbital cellulitis. It is due to bacterial colonization causing [[venous stasis]]. | |||
===Sepsis=== | |||
[[Bacteremia]] and [[sepsis]] may result from a sustained infection of orbital cellulitis. This condition carries a high risk of mortality. | |||
==Prognosis== | |||
'''Prognosis by type of infection'''<br> | |||
'''Prognosis by complications''' | |||
The feared complications include [[cavernous sinus thrombosis]] and [[meningitis]]. Abscess formation is another complication and may require surgical drainage.Complications include hearing loss, blood infection, [[meningitis]], and optic nerve damage (which could lead to blindness).Although orbital cellulitis is considered an ophthalmic emergency the prognosis is good if prompt medical treatment is received. | The feared complications include [[cavernous sinus thrombosis]] and [[meningitis]]. Abscess formation is another complication and may require surgical drainage.Complications include hearing loss, blood infection, [[meningitis]], and optic nerve damage (which could lead to blindness).Although orbital cellulitis is considered an ophthalmic emergency the prognosis is good if prompt medical treatment is received. | ||
Revision as of 20:35, 22 July 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tarek Nafee, M.D. [2]
Overview
Natural History
Complications
Complications that can develop as a result of orbital cellulitis are:
Abscess
Abscesses are a common complication of orbital cellulitis. The most commonly encountered abscesses in this scenario are subperiosteal and orbital abscesses.
Subperiosteal abscess
Orbital abscess
Loss of vision
Loss of vision is among the most serious complications of orbital cellulitis. It occurs due to compression of the ophthalmic arteries, veins, or optic nerve by a growing abscess.
Intracranial extension
Intracranial extension of orbital cellulitis is among the most serious complication. It may result in encephalitis or meningitis
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is among the most common causes of death due to orbital cellulitis. It is due to bacterial colonization causing venous stasis.
Sepsis
Bacteremia and sepsis may result from a sustained infection of orbital cellulitis. This condition carries a high risk of mortality.
Prognosis
Prognosis by type of infection
Prognosis by complications
The feared complications include cavernous sinus thrombosis and meningitis. Abscess formation is another complication and may require surgical drainage.Complications include hearing loss, blood infection, meningitis, and optic nerve damage (which could lead to blindness).Although orbital cellulitis is considered an ophthalmic emergency the prognosis is good if prompt medical treatment is received.
Death and Blindness Rates without Treatment
Bacterial infections of the orbit have long been associated with a risk of catastrophic local sequelae and intracranial spread.
The natural course of the disease, as documented by Gamble (1933), in the pre-antibiotic era, resulted in death in 17% of patients and permanent blindness in 20%.