Diabetic ketoacidosis overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication in patients with untreated [[diabetes mellitus]] ([[chronic (medicine)|chronic]] high [[blood sugar]] or [[hyperglycemia]]). Near complete deficiency of [[insulin]] and elevated levels of certain [[stress hormone]]s combine to cause DKA. DKA is more common among [[type I diabetes|Type I diabetics]], but may also occur in [[type II diabetes|Type II diabetics]] generally when physiologically stressed, such as during an infection. Patients with new, undiagnosed [[Type I diabetes]] frequently present to hospitals with DKA. DKA can also occur in a known diabetic who fails to take prescribed [[insulin]]. DKA was a major cause of death in Type I diabetics before insulin injections were available; untreated DKA has a high [[mortality rate]]. | Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication in patients with untreated [[diabetes mellitus]] ([[chronic (medicine)|chronic]] high [[blood sugar]] or [[hyperglycemia]]). Near complete deficiency of [[insulin]] and elevated levels of certain [[stress hormone]]s combine to cause DKA. DKA is more common among [[type I diabetes|Type I diabetics]], but may also occur in [[type II diabetes|Type II diabetics]] generally when physiologically stressed, such as during an infection. Patients with new, undiagnosed [[Type I diabetes]] frequently present to hospitals with DKA. DKA can also occur in a known diabetic who fails to take prescribed [[insulin]]. DKA was a major cause of death in Type I diabetics before insulin injections were available; untreated DKA has a high [[mortality rate]]. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | |||
==Classification== | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
==Causes== | |||
==Differentiating Diabetic Ketoacidosis from other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Screening== | |||
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
===Physical Examination=== | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
===Electrocardiogram=== | |||
===Chest X Ray=== | |||
===CT=== | |||
===MRI=== | |||
===Echocardiography or Ultrasound=== | |||
===Other Imaging Findings=== | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Surgery=== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
===Primary Prevention=== | |||
===Secondary Prevention=== | |||
===Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy=== | |||
===Future or Investigational Therapies=== | |||
==Case Studies== | |||
===Case #1=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | [[Category:Endocrinology]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
Revision as of 15:22, 25 July 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication in patients with untreated diabetes mellitus (chronic high blood sugar or hyperglycemia). Near complete deficiency of insulin and elevated levels of certain stress hormones combine to cause DKA. DKA is more common among Type I diabetics, but may also occur in Type II diabetics generally when physiologically stressed, such as during an infection. Patients with new, undiagnosed Type I diabetes frequently present to hospitals with DKA. DKA can also occur in a known diabetic who fails to take prescribed insulin. DKA was a major cause of death in Type I diabetics before insulin injections were available; untreated DKA has a high mortality rate.