Brown-Sequard syndrome: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{SI}} | |||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | |||
{{SK}} Brown-Séquard's hemiplegia; Brown-Séquard's paralysis | |||
{{Infobox_Disease | | {{Infobox_Disease | | ||
Name = Brown-Sequard syndrome | | Name = Brown-Sequard syndrome | | ||
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MeshID = D018437 | | MeshID = D018437 | | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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Interestingly, many nations claim him as their own, he was the son of an American sea captain and a French woman, living in a British territory. He studied in the US, France, as well as the UK. He described this injury which resulted from caning knives trauma in Mauritius. | Interestingly, many nations claim him as their own, he was the son of an American sea captain and a French woman, living in a British territory. He studied in the US, France, as well as the UK. He described this injury which resulted from caning knives trauma in Mauritius. | ||
==Classification== | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Brown-Sequard syndrome may be caused by a spinal cord tumor, trauma (such as a gunshot wound or puncture wound to the neck or back), ischemia (obstruction of a blood vessel), or infectious or inflammatory diseases such as tuberculosis, or multiple sclerosis. | Brown-Sequard syndrome may be caused by a spinal cord tumor, trauma (such as a gunshot wound or puncture wound to the neck or back), ischemia (obstruction of a blood vessel), or infectious or inflammatory diseases such as tuberculosis, or multiple sclerosis. | ||
==Differentiating {{PAGENAME}} from Other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Screening== | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===Diagnostic Criteria=== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
===Physical Examination=== | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
===Imaging Findings=== | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
===Surgery=== | |||
===Prevention=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{Lesions of spinal cord and brainstem}} | {{Lesions of spinal cord and brainstem}} | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
[[de:Brown-Séquard-Syndrom]] | [[de:Brown-Séquard-Syndrom]] | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
Revision as of 16:51, 2 August 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Synonyms and keywords: Brown-Séquard's hemiplegia; Brown-Séquard's paralysis
| Brown-Sequard syndrome | |
 | |
|---|---|
| Brown-Sequard syndrome is bottom diagram | |
| ICD-10 | G83.8 |
| ICD-9 | 344.89 |
| DiseasesDB | 31117 |
| MeSH | D018437 |
Overview
'Brown-Séquard syndrome is a loss of motricity (paralysis and ataxia) and sensation caused by the lateral hemisection of the spinal cord. Other synonyms are crossed hemiplegia, hemiparaplegic syndrome, hemiplegia et hemiparaplegia spinalis and spinal hemiparaplegia.
Historical Perspective
It was first described in 1850 by the historically famous British neurologist Charles Édouard Brown-Sequard (1817-1896), who studied the anatomy and physiology of the spinal cord. [1][2] Brown-Sequard was quite a controversial and eccentric figure, and is also known for self-reporting "rejuvinated sexual prowess after eating extracts of monkey testis". The response is now thought to have been a placebo effect, but apparently this was "sufficient to set the field of endocrinology off and running."[3]
Interestingly, many nations claim him as their own, he was the son of an American sea captain and a French woman, living in a British territory. He studied in the US, France, as well as the UK. He described this injury which resulted from caning knives trauma in Mauritius.
Classification
Pathophysiology
The hemisection of the cord results in a lesion of each of the three main neural systems:
- the principal upper motor neuron pathway of the corticospinal tract
- one or both dorsal columns
- the spinothalamic tract
As a result of the injury to these three main brain pathways the patient will present with three lesions.
- The corticospinal lesion produces spastic paralysis on the same side of the body (the loss of moderation by the UMN).
- The lesion to fasciculus gracilis or fasciculus cuneus results in ipsilateral loss of vibration and proprioception (position sense).
- The loss of the spinothalamic tract leads to pain and temperature sensation being lost from the contralateral side beginning one or two segments below the lesion. At the lesion site all sensory modalities are lost on the same side, and also an ipsilateral flaccid paralysis.
Causes
Brown-Sequard syndrome may be caused by a spinal cord tumor, trauma (such as a gunshot wound or puncture wound to the neck or back), ischemia (obstruction of a blood vessel), or infectious or inflammatory diseases such as tuberculosis, or multiple sclerosis.
Differentiating Brown-Sequard syndrome from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Prevention
References
- ↑ Template:WhoNamedIt
- ↑ C.-E. Brown-Séquard: De la transmission croisée des impressions sensitives par la moelle épinière. Comptes rendus de la Société de biologie, (1850)1851, 2: 33-44.
- ↑ The Practice of Neuroscience, p. 199-200, John C.M. Brust (2000).