Typhoid fever differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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==Differentiating Typhoid fever from other Diseases== | ==Differentiating Typhoid fever from other Diseases== | ||
The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate [[Typhoid fever]] from other conditions that cause [[fever]], [[diarrhea]], [[dehydration]] and [[tachycardia]]:<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/typhoidfever_g.htm |title=CDC Typhoid Fever |accessdate=2007-10-02 |date=2005-10-25 |publisher=Center for Disease Control }}</ref> | The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate [[Typhoid fever]] from other conditions that cause [[fever]], [[diarrhea]], [[dehydration]] and [[tachycardia]]:<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/typhoidfever_g.htm |title=CDC Typhoid Fever |accessdate=2007-10-02 |date=2005-10-25 |publisher=Center for Disease Control }}</ref><ref name="pmid25996397">{{cite journal| author=| title=Reorganized text. | journal=JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2015 | volume= 141 | issue= 5 | pages= 428 | pmid=25996397 | doi=10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25996397 }} </ref> | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Malaria]]''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Malaria]]''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with acute [[fever]], [[headache]] and sometimes [[diarrhea]] (children). A [[blood smear]]s must be examined for malaria parasites. The presence of [[parasites]] does not exclude | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with acute [[fever]], [[headache]] and sometimes [[diarrhea]] (children). A [[blood smear]]s must be examined for malaria parasites. The presence of [[parasites]] does not exclude concurrent viral infection. An [[antimalarial]] should be prescribed as an [[empiric therapy]]. | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Lassa fever]]''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Lassa fever]]''' | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Yellow fever]] and other [[Flaviviridae]] ''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Yellow fever]] and other [[Flaviviridae]] ''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Present with [[hemorrhage|hemorrhagic]] complications. [[Epidemiological]] investigation may reveal a pattern of disease [[transmission]] by an insect vector. Virus isolation and serological investigation serves to distinguish these [[viruses]]. Confirmed history of previous [[yellow fever]] [[vaccination]] will rule out [[yellow fever]]. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Present with [[hemorrhage|hemorrhagic]] complications. [[Epidemiological]] investigation may reveal a pattern of disease [[transmission]] by an insect vector. Virus isolation and serological investigation serves to distinguish these [[viruses]]. Confirmed history of previous [[yellow fever]] [[vaccination]] will rule out [[yellow fever]]. | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''Abdominal abcess''' | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with abdominal pain, fever, loss of apatite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation. H/o surgery, presence of a mass on physical examination, ultrasound or CT scan may help rule out abdominal abcess in such cases. | |||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''Others''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''Others''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Viral hepatitis]], [[leptospirosis]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[typhus]], and [[mononucleosis]] can produce [[signs]] and [[symptoms]] that may be confused with [[Ebola]] in the early stages of [[infection]]. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Viral hepatitis]], [[leptospirosis]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[typhus]], and [[mononucleosis]] can produce [[signs]] and [[symptoms]] that may be confused with [[Ebola]] in the early stages of [[infection]]. | ||
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Revision as of 16:07, 25 August 2016
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Typhoid fever Microchapters |
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Typhoid fever differential diagnosis On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Typhoid fever differential diagnosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Typhoid fever must be differentiated from other diseases that cause fever, diarrhea, dehydration and tachycardia, such as Ebola, Shigellosis, Malaria and Lassa fever.
Differentiating Typhoid fever from other Diseases
The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate Typhoid fever from other conditions that cause fever, diarrhea, dehydration and tachycardia:[1][2]
| Disease | Findings |
|---|---|
| Ebola | Presents with fever, chills vomiting, diarrhea, generalized pain or malaise, and sometimes internal and external bleeding, that follow an incubation period of 2-21 days. |
| Shigellosis & other bacterial enteric infections | Presents with diarrhea, possibly bloody, accompanied by fever, nausea, and sometimes toxemia, vomiting, cramps, and tenesmus. Stools contain blood and mucous in a typical case. A search for possible sites of bacterial infection, together with cultures and blood smears, should be made. Presence of leucocytosis distinguishes bacterial infections from viral infections. |
| Malaria | Presents with acute fever, headache and sometimes diarrhea (children). A blood smears must be examined for malaria parasites. The presence of parasites does not exclude concurrent viral infection. An antimalarial should be prescribed as an empiric therapy. |
| Lassa fever | Disease onset is usually gradual, with fever, sore throat, cough, pharyngitis, and facial edema in the later stages. Inflammation and exudation of the pharynx and conjunctiva are common. |
| Yellow fever and other Flaviviridae | Present with hemorrhagic complications. Epidemiological investigation may reveal a pattern of disease transmission by an insect vector. Virus isolation and serological investigation serves to distinguish these viruses. Confirmed history of previous yellow fever vaccination will rule out yellow fever. |
| Abdominal abcess | Presents with abdominal pain, fever, loss of apatite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation. H/o surgery, presence of a mass on physical examination, ultrasound or CT scan may help rule out abdominal abcess in such cases. |
| Others | Viral hepatitis, leptospirosis, rheumatic fever, typhus, and mononucleosis can produce signs and symptoms that may be confused with Ebola in the early stages of infection. |
References
- ↑ "CDC Typhoid Fever". Center for Disease Control. 2005-10-25. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
- ↑ "Reorganized text". JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 141 (5): 428. 2015. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540. PMID 25996397.