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==Other imaging findings== | ==Other imaging findings== | ||
Other imaging findings which may help diagnose complications of typhoid fever and differentiate it from other conditions presenting with similar symptoms include: | Other imaging findings which may help diagnose complications of typhoid fever and differentiate it from other conditions presenting with similar symptoms include:<ref>http://appliedradiology.com/articles/imaging-infection-and-inflammation-of-the-terminal-ileocecal-region-emphasis-on-typhoid</ref><ref name="pmid7395845">{{cite journal| author=Lynch JJ, Beneventano TC| title=Typhoid fever. An unusual radiographic presentation with appendicitis. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 1980 | volume= 73 | issue= 2 | pages= 168-73 | pmid=7395845 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7395845 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10051988">{{cite journal| author=Débat Zoguéreh D, Dubau A, Badiaga S| title=[Calcified splenic abscess, colonic fistula and ascites in a chronic carrier of Salmonella typhi]. | journal=Gastroenterol Clin Biol | year= 1998 | volume= 22 | issue= 12 | pages= 1102-5 | pmid=10051988 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10051988 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23703658">{{cite journal| author=Shaikhani MA, Husein HA, Karbuli TA, Mohamed MA| title=Colonoscopic findings and management of patients with outbreak typhoid fever presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. | journal=Indian J Gastroenterol | year= 2013 | volume= 32 | issue= 5 | pages= 335-40 | pmid=23703658 | doi=10.1007/s12664-013-0337-y | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23703658 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7558213">{{cite journal| author=Prabha A, Pereira P, Raghuveer CV| title=Myocarditis in enteric fever. | journal=Indian J Med Sci | year= 1995 | volume= 49 | issue= 2 | pages= 28-31 | pmid=7558213 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7558213 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Barium enema]] may help differentiate typhoid fever from [[crohn's disease]], [[amaebiasis]], and [[tuberculosis]].<ref name="pmid7395845">{{cite journal| author=Lynch JJ, Beneventano TC| title=Typhoid fever. An unusual radiographic presentation with appendicitis. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 1980 | volume= 73 | issue= 2 | pages= 168-73 | pmid=7395845 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7395845 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10051988">{{cite journal| author=Débat Zoguéreh D, Dubau A, Badiaga S| title=[Calcified splenic abscess, colonic fistula and ascites in a chronic carrier of Salmonella typhi]. | journal=Gastroenterol Clin Biol | year= 1998 | volume= 22 | issue= 12 | pages= 1102-5 | pmid=10051988 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10051988 }} </ref> | *[[Barium enema]] may help differentiate typhoid fever from [[crohn's disease]], [[amaebiasis]], and [[tuberculosis]].<ref name="pmid7395845">{{cite journal| author=Lynch JJ, Beneventano TC| title=Typhoid fever. An unusual radiographic presentation with appendicitis. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 1980 | volume= 73 | issue= 2 | pages= 168-73 | pmid=7395845 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7395845 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10051988">{{cite journal| author=Débat Zoguéreh D, Dubau A, Badiaga S| title=[Calcified splenic abscess, colonic fistula and ascites in a chronic carrier of Salmonella typhi]. | journal=Gastroenterol Clin Biol | year= 1998 | volume= 22 | issue= 12 | pages= 1102-5 | pmid=10051988 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10051988 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Colonoscopy]] may help diagnose and treat gastrointestinal bleeding.<ref name="pmid23703658">{{cite journal| author=Shaikhani MA, Husein HA, Karbuli TA, Mohamed MA| title=Colonoscopic findings and management of patients with outbreak typhoid fever presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. | journal=Indian J Gastroenterol | year= 2013 | volume= 32 | issue= 5 | pages= 335-40 | pmid=23703658 | doi=10.1007/s12664-013-0337-y | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23703658 }} </ref> | *[[Colonoscopy]] may help diagnose and treat gastrointestinal bleeding.<ref name="pmid23703658">{{cite journal| author=Shaikhani MA, Husein HA, Karbuli TA, Mohamed MA| title=Colonoscopic findings and management of patients with outbreak typhoid fever presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. | journal=Indian J Gastroenterol | year= 2013 | volume= 32 | issue= 5 | pages= 335-40 | pmid=23703658 | doi=10.1007/s12664-013-0337-y | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23703658 }} </ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Other imaging findings which may help diagnose complications of typhoid fever and differentiate it from other conditions presenting with similar symptoms include barium enema, upper endoscopy, echocardiography and ECG.
Other imaging findings
Other imaging findings which may help diagnose complications of typhoid fever and differentiate it from other conditions presenting with similar symptoms include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Barium enema may help differentiate typhoid fever from crohn's disease, amaebiasis, and tuberculosis.[2][3]
- Colonoscopy may help diagnose and treat gastrointestinal bleeding.[4]
- Echocardiography and ECG may help diagnose myocarditis, one of the grave complication of typhoid fever.[5]
References
- ↑ http://appliedradiology.com/articles/imaging-infection-and-inflammation-of-the-terminal-ileocecal-region-emphasis-on-typhoid
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lynch JJ, Beneventano TC (1980). "Typhoid fever. An unusual radiographic presentation with appendicitis". Am J Gastroenterol. 73 (2): 168–73. PMID 7395845.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Débat Zoguéreh D, Dubau A, Badiaga S (1998). "[Calcified splenic abscess, colonic fistula and ascites in a chronic carrier of Salmonella typhi]". Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 22 (12): 1102–5. PMID 10051988.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Shaikhani MA, Husein HA, Karbuli TA, Mohamed MA (2013). "Colonoscopic findings and management of patients with outbreak typhoid fever presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleeding". Indian J Gastroenterol. 32 (5): 335–40. doi:10.1007/s12664-013-0337-y. PMID 23703658.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Prabha A, Pereira P, Raghuveer CV (1995). "Myocarditis in enteric fever". Indian J Med Sci. 49 (2): 28–31. PMID 7558213.