Acute bronchitis laboratory tests: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Robot: Changing Category:Mature chapter to Category:Overview complete)
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
{{Acute bronchitis}}
{{Acute bronchitis}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MehdiP}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Line 6: Line 7:


==Laboratory Tests==
==Laboratory Tests==
* A sputum sample showing [[neutrophil granulocyte]]s (inflammatory white blood cells) and [[microbiological culture|culture]] showing that has pathogenic microorganisms such as [[Streptococcus|Streptococcus spp.]]
*Diagnostic tests are rarely needed to confirm the diagnosis of [[acute bronchitis]].
* A [[blood test]] would indicate inflammation (as indicated by a raised [[white blood cell]] count and elevated [[C-reactive protein]]).
*Viral cultures, serologic assays, and sputum analyses may be perform when a potentially treatable infection is thought to be circulating or due to epidemilogic purposes<ref name="pmid17108344">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wenzel RP, Fowler AA |title=Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=20 |pages=2125–30 |year=2006 |pmid=17108344 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp061493 |url=}}</ref>.
* Neutrophils infiltrate the lung tissue, aided by damage to the airways caused by irritation.
::'''Serologic assays'''
* Damage caused by irritation of the airways leads to inflammation and leads to neutrophils being present
:::Nasopharyngeal swab and aspirates to test for ''[[PCR]]'' are available but not widely used<ref name="pmid17108344">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wenzel RP, Fowler AA |title=Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=20 |pages=2125–30 |year=2006 |pmid=17108344 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp061493 |url=}}</ref>.
* Mucosal hypersecretion is promoted by a substance released by neutrophils
::'''Procalcitonin'''
* Further obstruction to the airways is caused by more goblet cells in the small airways. This is typical of chronic bronchitis
:::During bacterial infections the level of ''procalcitonin'' will raise over 0.25 mcg/L and it encourages the physician to prescribe antibiotics<ref name="pmid19738090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schuetz P, Christ-Crain M, Thomann R, Falconnier C, Wolbers M, Widmer I, Neidert S, Fricker T, Blum C, Schild U, Regez K, Schoenenberger R, Henzen C, Bregenzer T, Hoess C, Krause M, Bucher HC, Zimmerli W, Mueller B |title=Effect of procalcitonin-based guidelines vs standard guidelines on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: the ProHOSP randomized controlled trial |journal=JAMA |volume=302 |issue=10 |pages=1059–66 |year=2009 |pmid=19738090 |doi=10.1001/jama.2009.1297 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18852401">{{cite journal |vauthors=Briel M, Schuetz P, Mueller B, Young J, Schild U, Nusbaumer C, Périat P, Bucher HC, Christ-Crain M |title=Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic use vs a standard approach for acute respiratory tract infections in primary care |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=168 |issue=18 |pages=2000–7; discussion 2007–8 |year=2008 |pmid=18852401 |doi=10.1001/archinte.168.18.2000 |url=}}</ref>.
* Although infection is not the reason or cause of chronic bronchitis it is seen to aid in sustaining the bronchitis.'''''


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 18:44, 12 September 2016

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Page

Bronchitis Main Page

Acute bronchitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Acute bronchitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Acute bronchitis laboratory tests On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Acute bronchitis laboratory tests

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Acute bronchitis laboratory tests

CDC on Acute bronchitis laboratory tests

Acute bronchitis laboratory tests in the news

Blogs on Acute bronchitis laboratory tests

Directions to Hospitals Treating Acute bronchitis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute bronchitis laboratory tests

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]

Overview

In addition to imaging modalities, laboratory tests may be conducted to diagnose acute bronchitis. Common laboratory tests include sputum sampling and blood testing. Findings generally indicate inflammation and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms.

Laboratory Tests

  • Diagnostic tests are rarely needed to confirm the diagnosis of acute bronchitis.
  • Viral cultures, serologic assays, and sputum analyses may be perform when a potentially treatable infection is thought to be circulating or due to epidemilogic purposes[1].
Serologic assays
Nasopharyngeal swab and aspirates to test for PCR are available but not widely used[1].
Procalcitonin
During bacterial infections the level of procalcitonin will raise over 0.25 mcg/L and it encourages the physician to prescribe antibiotics[2][3].

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Wenzel RP, Fowler AA (2006). "Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis". N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (20): 2125–30. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp061493. PMID 17108344.
  2. Schuetz P, Christ-Crain M, Thomann R, Falconnier C, Wolbers M, Widmer I, Neidert S, Fricker T, Blum C, Schild U, Regez K, Schoenenberger R, Henzen C, Bregenzer T, Hoess C, Krause M, Bucher HC, Zimmerli W, Mueller B (2009). "Effect of procalcitonin-based guidelines vs standard guidelines on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: the ProHOSP randomized controlled trial". JAMA. 302 (10): 1059–66. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1297. PMID 19738090.
  3. Briel M, Schuetz P, Mueller B, Young J, Schild U, Nusbaumer C, Périat P, Bucher HC, Christ-Crain M (2008). "Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic use vs a standard approach for acute respiratory tract infections in primary care". Arch. Intern. Med. 168 (18): 2000–7, discussion 2007–8. doi:10.1001/archinte.168.18.2000. PMID 18852401.


Template:WikiDoc Sources