Erysipelas natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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Complications of Erysipelas occur if the infectious pathogen is not treated, including the following: | Complications of Erysipelas occur if the infectious pathogen is not treated, including the following: | ||
*Increased severity of [[lesions]], including [[haemorrhagic]], [[bullous]], [[abscess|abscessing]] and [[necrotic]]<ref name="pmid21198795">{{cite journal |vauthors=Krasagakis K, Samonis G, Valachis A, Maniatakis P, Evangelou G, Tosca A |title=Local complications of erysipelas: a study of associated risk factors |journal=Clin. Exp. Dermatol. |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=351–4 |year=2011 |pmid=21198795 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03978.x |url=}}</ref> | *Increased severity of [[lesions]], including [[haemorrhagic]], [[bullous]], [[abscess|abscessing]] and [[necrotic]]<ref name="pmid21198795">{{cite journal |vauthors=Krasagakis K, Samonis G, Valachis A, Maniatakis P, Evangelou G, Tosca A |title=Local complications of erysipelas: a study of associated risk factors |journal=Clin. Exp. Dermatol. |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=351–4 |year=2011 |pmid=21198795 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03978.x |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Spread of infection to other areas of body through the bloodstream ([[bacteremia]]), including septic arthritis and infective [[endocarditis]] (heart valves). | *Osteoarticular complications, including [[bursitis]], [[osteitis]], [[tendinitis]], and [[arthritis]]<ref name="pmid14726873">{{cite journal |vauthors=Coste N, Perceau G, Léone J, Young P, Carsuzaa F, Bernardeau K, Bernard P |title=Osteoarticular complications of erysipelas |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=203–9 |year=2004 |pmid=14726873 |doi=10.1016/S0190 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Septic shock]]. | *[[Bacteremia]], resulting from spread of infection from the [[epidermis]] to the [[bloodstream]].<ref name="urlErysipelas: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia">{{cite web |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000618.htm |title=Erysipelas: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
* | Spread of infection to other areas of body through the bloodstream ([[bacteremia]]), including septic arthritis and infective [[endocarditis]] (heart valves). | ||
*Lymphatic damage | *[[Septic shock]]<ref name="urlSeptic shock: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia">{{cite web |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000668.htm |title=Septic shock: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
*Chronic, recurrent Erysipelas due to increased susceptibility from damaged [[cutaneous]] [[lymph vessels]]<ref name="pmid17387234">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koster JB, Kullberg BJ, van der Meer JW |title=Recurrent erysipelas despite antibiotic prophylaxis: an analysis from case studies |journal=Neth J Med |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=89–94 |year=2007 |pmid=17387234 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Meninigitis]] if the infection is localized in the face and spreads below the [[dermis]] and into the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]] | |||
*[[Gangrene]] | |||
*Acute [[glomerulonephritis]]<ref name="pmid21428183">{{cite journal |vauthors=Velciov S, Gluhovschi G, Feier V, Curescu M, Trandafirescu V, Petrică L, Gluhovschi C, Bob F, Bozdog G, Gadalean F, Florescu C, Bobu M, Chiliban A |title=Elements of renal injury in patients with erysipelas |journal=Rom J Intern Med |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=179–85 |year=2010 |pmid=21428183 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Thrombophlebitis]]<ref name="pmid23948644">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gunderson CG, Chang JJ |title=Risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients with cellulitis and erysipelas: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Thromb. Res. |volume=132 |issue=3 |pages=336–40 |year=2013 |pmid=23948644 |doi=10.1016/j.thromres.2013.07.021 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Lymphatic damage and [[lymphedema]]<ref name="urlErysipelas and cellulitis: Overview - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health">{{cite web |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0078236/ |title=Erysipelas and cellulitis: Overview - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Streptococcal]] [[toxic shock syndrome]]<ref name="pmid26866211">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, Stevens DL, Bryant AE |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=26866211 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Necrotizing fasciitis]] -- AKA "the flesh-eating bug." A potentially-deadly exacerbation of the infection if it spreads to deeper tissue. | *[[Necrotizing fasciitis]] -- AKA "the flesh-eating bug." A potentially-deadly exacerbation of the infection if it spreads to deeper tissue. | ||
Revision as of 15:34, 13 September 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Natural History
- Erysipelas onset begins shortly after streptococcal infection.[1]
- An initial lesion forms with localized erythema and edema
- Advancing from the initial location is rapid, with raised and sharply demarcated boundaries from surrounding unaffected tissue.
- Untreated, the lesions will spread, while the initial manifestation resolves.
- Systemic symptoms, including fever, chills, and vomiting may occur as the inflammation persists and spreads.
- If left untreated, Erysipelas will not usually be self-resolved and can lead to life-threatening complications.[2]
Complications
Complications of Erysipelas occur if the infectious pathogen is not treated, including the following:
- Increased severity of lesions, including haemorrhagic, bullous, abscessing and necrotic[3]
- Osteoarticular complications, including bursitis, osteitis, tendinitis, and arthritis[4]
- Bacteremia, resulting from spread of infection from the epidermis to the bloodstream.[5]
Spread of infection to other areas of body through the bloodstream (bacteremia), including septic arthritis and infective endocarditis (heart valves).
- Septic shock[6]
- Chronic, recurrent Erysipelas due to increased susceptibility from damaged cutaneous lymph vessels[7]
- Meninigitis if the infection is localized in the face and spreads below the dermis and into the brain and spinal cord
- Gangrene
- Acute glomerulonephritis[8]
- Thrombophlebitis[9]
- Lymphatic damage and lymphedema[2]
- Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome[1]
- Necrotizing fasciitis -- AKA "the flesh-eating bug." A potentially-deadly exacerbation of the infection if it spreads to deeper tissue.
Prognosis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, Stevens DL, Bryant AE. PMID 26866211. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Erysipelas and cellulitis: Overview - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health".
- ↑ Krasagakis K, Samonis G, Valachis A, Maniatakis P, Evangelou G, Tosca A (2011). "Local complications of erysipelas: a study of associated risk factors". Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 36 (4): 351–4. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03978.x. PMID 21198795.
- ↑ Coste N, Perceau G, Léone J, Young P, Carsuzaa F, Bernardeau K, Bernard P (2004). "Osteoarticular complications of erysipelas". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 50 (2): 203–9. doi:10.1016/S0190. PMID 14726873.
- ↑ "Erysipelas: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
- ↑ "Septic shock: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
- ↑ Koster JB, Kullberg BJ, van der Meer JW (2007). "Recurrent erysipelas despite antibiotic prophylaxis: an analysis from case studies". Neth J Med. 65 (3): 89–94. PMID 17387234.
- ↑ Velciov S, Gluhovschi G, Feier V, Curescu M, Trandafirescu V, Petrică L, Gluhovschi C, Bob F, Bozdog G, Gadalean F, Florescu C, Bobu M, Chiliban A (2010). "Elements of renal injury in patients with erysipelas". Rom J Intern Med. 48 (2): 179–85. PMID 21428183.
- ↑ Gunderson CG, Chang JJ (2013). "Risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients with cellulitis and erysipelas: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Thromb. Res. 132 (3): 336–40. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2013.07.021. PMID 23948644.