Erysipelas natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
Complications of Erysipelas occur if the infectious pathogen is not treated, including the following: | Complications of Erysipelas occur if the infectious pathogen is not treated, including the following: | ||
*Increased severity of [[lesions]], including [[haemorrhagic]], [[bullous]], [[abscess|abscessing]] and [[necrotic]] ([[necrotizing fasciitis]])<ref name="pmid21198795">{{cite journal |vauthors=Krasagakis K, Samonis G, Valachis A, Maniatakis P, Evangelou G, Tosca A |title=Local complications of erysipelas: a study of associated risk factors |journal=Clin. Exp. Dermatol. |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=351–4 |year=2011 |pmid=21198795 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03978.x |url=}}</ref> | *Increased severity of [[lesions]], including [[haemorrhagic]], [[bullous]], [[abscess|abscessing]] and [[necrotic]] ([[necrotizing fasciitis]])<ref name="pmid21198795">{{cite journal |vauthors=Krasagakis K, Samonis G, Valachis A, Maniatakis P, Evangelou G, Tosca A |title=Local complications of erysipelas: a study of associated risk factors |journal=Clin. Exp. Dermatol. |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=351–4 |year=2011 |pmid=21198795 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03978.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26666633">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pitché PV, Saka B, Diatta AB, Faye O, Diané BF, Sangaré A, Niamba P, Mandengue C, Kobengue L, Diop A, Ly F, Dieng MT, Dicko A, Soumah MM, Cissé M, Kourouma SH, Kouassi I, Boukari T, Akakpo S, Landoh DE, Tchangaï-Walla K |title=Risk factors associated with abscess formation among patient with leg erysipelas (cellulitis) in sub-Saharan Africa: a multicenter study |journal=BMC Dermatol. |volume=15 |issue= |pages=18 |year=2015 |pmid=26666633 |pmc=4678644 |doi=10.1186/s12895-015-0037-7 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Osteoarticular complications, including [[bursitis]], [[osteitis]], [[tendinitis]], and [[arthritis]]<ref name="pmid14726873">{{cite journal |vauthors=Coste N, Perceau G, Léone J, Young P, Carsuzaa F, Bernardeau K, Bernard P |title=Osteoarticular complications of erysipelas |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=203–9 |year=2004 |pmid=14726873 |doi=10.1016/S0190 |url=}}</ref> | *Osteoarticular complications, including [[bursitis]], [[osteitis]], [[tendinitis]], and [[arthritis]]<ref name="pmid14726873">{{cite journal |vauthors=Coste N, Perceau G, Léone J, Young P, Carsuzaa F, Bernardeau K, Bernard P |title=Osteoarticular complications of erysipelas |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=203–9 |year=2004 |pmid=14726873 |doi=10.1016/S0190 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Bacteremia]], resulting from spread of infection from the [[epidermis]] to the [[bloodstream]].<ref name="urlErysipelas: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia">{{cite web |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000618.htm |title=Erysipelas: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | *[[Bacteremia]], resulting from spread of infection from the [[epidermis]] to the [[bloodstream]].<ref name="urlErysipelas: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia">{{cite web |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000618.htm |title=Erysipelas: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
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==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
*Without treatment, the prognosis of Erysipelas varies based on the presence of complications. | |||
**Spread of infection below the [[dermis]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 16:00, 13 September 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Natural History
- Erysipelas onset begins shortly after streptococcal infection.[1]
- An initial lesion forms with localized erythema and edema
- Advancing from the initial location is rapid, with raised and sharply demarcated boundaries from surrounding unaffected tissue.
- Untreated, the lesions will spread, while the initial manifestation resolves.
- Systemic symptoms, including fever, chills, and vomiting may occur as the inflammation persists and spreads.
- If left untreated, Erysipelas will not usually be self-resolved and can lead to life-threatening complications.[2]
Complications
Complications of Erysipelas occur if the infectious pathogen is not treated, including the following:
- Increased severity of lesions, including haemorrhagic, bullous, abscessing and necrotic (necrotizing fasciitis)[3][4]
- Osteoarticular complications, including bursitis, osteitis, tendinitis, and arthritis[5]
- Bacteremia, resulting from spread of infection from the epidermis to the bloodstream.[6]
- Septic shock[7]
- Chronic, recurrent Erysipelas due to increased susceptibility from damaged cutaneous lymph vessels[8]
- Meningitis if the infection is localized in the face and spreads below the dermis and into the brain and spinal cord
- Gangrene
- Acute glomerulonephritis[9]
- Thrombophlebitis[10]
- Lymphatic damage and lymphedema[2]
- Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome[1]
Prognosis
- Without treatment, the prognosis of Erysipelas varies based on the presence of complications.
- Spread of infection below the dermis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, Stevens DL, Bryant AE. PMID 26866211. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Erysipelas and cellulitis: Overview - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health".
- ↑ Krasagakis K, Samonis G, Valachis A, Maniatakis P, Evangelou G, Tosca A (2011). "Local complications of erysipelas: a study of associated risk factors". Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 36 (4): 351–4. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03978.x. PMID 21198795.
- ↑ Pitché PV, Saka B, Diatta AB, Faye O, Diané BF, Sangaré A, Niamba P, Mandengue C, Kobengue L, Diop A, Ly F, Dieng MT, Dicko A, Soumah MM, Cissé M, Kourouma SH, Kouassi I, Boukari T, Akakpo S, Landoh DE, Tchangaï-Walla K (2015). "Risk factors associated with abscess formation among patient with leg erysipelas (cellulitis) in sub-Saharan Africa: a multicenter study". BMC Dermatol. 15: 18. doi:10.1186/s12895-015-0037-7. PMC 4678644. PMID 26666633.
- ↑ Coste N, Perceau G, Léone J, Young P, Carsuzaa F, Bernardeau K, Bernard P (2004). "Osteoarticular complications of erysipelas". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 50 (2): 203–9. doi:10.1016/S0190. PMID 14726873.
- ↑ "Erysipelas: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
- ↑ "Septic shock: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
- ↑ Koster JB, Kullberg BJ, van der Meer JW (2007). "Recurrent erysipelas despite antibiotic prophylaxis: an analysis from case studies". Neth J Med. 65 (3): 89–94. PMID 17387234.
- ↑ Velciov S, Gluhovschi G, Feier V, Curescu M, Trandafirescu V, Petrică L, Gluhovschi C, Bob F, Bozdog G, Gadalean F, Florescu C, Bobu M, Chiliban A (2010). "Elements of renal injury in patients with erysipelas". Rom J Intern Med. 48 (2): 179–85. PMID 21428183.
- ↑ Gunderson CG, Chang JJ (2013). "Risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients with cellulitis and erysipelas: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Thromb. Res. 132 (3): 336–40. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2013.07.021. PMID 23948644.