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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Laryngitis may be the result of infectious or noninfectious causes. The most common causes of laryngitis are due to [[viral infection]]s, and include [[rhinovirus]], [[adenovirus]], [[influenza virus]], [[parainfluenza virus]], and [[respiratory syncytial virus]]. Common bacterial causes of laryngitis include ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' and ;;[[Haemophilus influenzae]]''. | | Laryngitis may be the result of infectious or noninfectious causes. The most common causes of laryngitis are due to [[viral infection]]s, and include [[rhinovirus]], [[adenovirus]], [[influenza virus]], [[parainfluenza virus]], and [[respiratory syncytial virus]]. Common bacterial causes of laryngitis include ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' and ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]''. |
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| ==Causes== | | ==Causes== |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2], Anthony Gallo, B.S. [3]
Overview
Laryngitis may be the result of infectious or noninfectious causes. The most common causes of laryngitis are due to viral infections, and include rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Common bacterial causes of laryngitis include Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae.
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes of laryngitis include anthrax. Life-threatening causes may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Common causes of laryngitis include:
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
|
Pneumomediastinum
|
| Chemical/Poisoning
|
Acrylic acid, irritants
|
| Dental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dermatologic
|
Bejel, epidermolysis bullosa, leprosy, mumps, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus
|
| Drug Side Effect
|
Acitretin, albuterol, atropine, azelastine, azithromycin, capecitabine, celecoxib, clomipramine, dinoprostone, dornase alfa, estazolam, eszopiclone, fentanyl, flunisolide, fluticasone, fluvoxamine, frovatriptan, gentian violet, golimumab, interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b, ixabepilone, lisinopril, mirtazapine, pentamidine, pulmozyme, raloxifene, rifapentine, sibutramine, sildenafil, tacrolimus, tiagabine, tiotropium, tobramycin, tolcapone, venlafaxine, zaleplon
|
| Ear Nose Throat
|
Cochlear implant, empty nose syndrome, laryngotracheitis
|
| Endocrine
|
Amyloidosis
|
| Environmental
|
Pollution
|
| Gastroenterologic
|
Barrett's esophagus, gastroesophageal reflux disease
|
| Genetic
|
Epidermolysis bullosa
|
| Hematologic
|
MALT lymphoma
|
| Iatrogenic
|
Radiation therapy
|
| Infectious Disease
|
Acute bronchitis, acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), adenovirus, aspergillosis, bejel, blastomycosis, bordetella pertussis, bronchitis, candida, chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, common cold, croup, epiglottitis, excessive coughing, flu, group B streptococcal infection, haemophilus influenzae, helicobacter pylori, herpes simplex virus infection, herpes zoster, histoplasmosis, human metapneumovirus, influenza, laryngotracheitis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, measles, moraxella catarrhalis, mumps, mycobacterium leprae, obstructive laryngitis, paracoccidioidomycosis, parainfluenza virus, pemphigus, pneumonia, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinoscleroma, rhinovirus, sporotrichosis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, syphilis, treponema pallidum, tuberculosis, upper respiratory tract infection
|
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Neurologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Nutritional/Metabolic
|
Amyloidosis
|
| Obstetric/Gynecologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Oncologic
|
MALT lymphoma
|
| Ophthalmologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Overdose/Toxicity
|
No underlying causes
|
| Psychiatric
|
No underlying causes
|
| Pulmonary
|
Acute bronchitis, acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), bordetella pertussis, bronchitis, common cold, croup, excessive coughing, laryngotracheitis, obstructive laryngitis, pneumomediastinum, pneumonia, tuberculosis, upper respiratory tract infection, Wegener's granulomatosis
|
| Renal/Electrolyte
|
Wegener's granulomatosis
|
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy
|
Allergies, amyloidosis, relapsing polychondritis, selective IgA deficiency, systemic lupus erythematosus, Wegener's granulomatosis
|
| Sexual
|
No underlying causes
|
| Trauma
|
Injury, vocal trauma, voice misuse
|
| Urologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Miscellaneous
|
Voice misuse
|
Causes in Alphabetical Order
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columns-list}}.
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References