Laryngitis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Laryngitis}} | {{Laryngitis}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AG}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
The [[voice box]] ([[larynx]]) is located at the top of the [[airway]] to the [[lungs]] ([[trachea]]). The [[larynx]] contains the [[vocal cords]]. When the [[vocal cords]] become [[inflamed]] or [[infected]], they [[swell]]. This can cause [[hoarseness]], and may sometimes block the [[airway]]. | The [[voice box]] ([[larynx]]) is located at the top of the [[airway]] to the [[lungs]] ([[trachea]]). The [[larynx]] contains the [[vocal cords]]. When the [[vocal cords]] become [[inflamed]] or [[infected]], they [[swell]]. This can cause [[hoarseness]], and may sometimes block the [[airway]]. | ||
===Pathogenesis=== | |||
*Laryngitis is the result of an immunological sequelae to an infection, generally an upper respiratory viral infection. | |||
*During an infection, activated [[antigen-presenting cell]]s, such as [[macrophage]]s, present the antigen to [[helper T cell]]s. | |||
**[[Helper T cell]]s subsequently activate [[B cells]] and induce the production of antibodies against the virus. | |||
*The antibodies may also act against the affected [[larynx]], producing the symptoms of laryngitis.<ref name=ImmuneResp> Immune Response. National Library of Medicine. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000821.htm Accessed on October 5, 2016 </ref> | |||
===Genetics=== | |||
*There are no genetic predispositions to the development of laryngitis. | |||
===Associated Conditions=== | |||
*Laryngitis is associated with [[upper respiratory infection]]s, which include [[common cold]], [[influenza]], [[pharyngitis]], [[tracheitis]], [[bronchitis]], and [[epiglottitis]]. | |||
===Gross Pathology=== | |||
On gross pathology, redness, swollen cords, and purulent discharge are characteristic findings of laryngitis. | |||
{{#ev:youtube|UnfRCMhk-WY}} | |||
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===Microscopic Pathology=== | |||
On microscopic histopathological analysis, polymorphonuclear neutrophils are characteristic findings of laryngitis. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 18:11, 5 October 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anthony Gallo, B.S. [2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
The voice box (larynx) is located at the top of the airway to the lungs (trachea). The larynx contains the vocal cords. When the vocal cords become inflamed or infected, they swell. This can cause hoarseness, and may sometimes block the airway.
Pathogenesis
- Laryngitis is the result of an immunological sequelae to an infection, generally an upper respiratory viral infection.
- During an infection, activated antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages, present the antigen to helper T cells.
- Helper T cells subsequently activate B cells and induce the production of antibodies against the virus.
- The antibodies may also act against the affected larynx, producing the symptoms of laryngitis.[1]
Genetics
- There are no genetic predispositions to the development of laryngitis.
Associated Conditions
- Laryngitis is associated with upper respiratory infections, which include common cold, influenza, pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, and epiglottitis.
Gross Pathology
On gross pathology, redness, swollen cords, and purulent discharge are characteristic findings of laryngitis.
{{#ev:youtube|UnfRCMhk-WY}}
Microscopic Pathology
On microscopic histopathological analysis, polymorphonuclear neutrophils are characteristic findings of laryngitis.
References
- ↑ Immune Response. National Library of Medicine. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000821.htm Accessed on October 5, 2016