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==Complications==
==Complications==
Complications that can develop as a result of diphtheria are:<ref name=CDCdiphtheria>http://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/about/complications.html Accessed on October 7, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid14069096">{{cite journal| author=MORGAN BC| title=CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS OF DIPHTHERIA. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 1963 | volume= 32 | issue=  | pages= 549-57 | pmid=14069096 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14069096  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19127670">{{cite journal| author=Anima H, Malay M, Santanu H, Rajashree R, Sita C, Baran SA| title=A study on determinants of occurrence of complications and fatality among diphtheria cases admitted to ID & BG Hospital of Kolkata. | journal=J Commun Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 40 | issue= 1 | pages= 53-8 | pmid=19127670 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19127670  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9026877">{{cite journal| author=Reidermann MI| title=[Cardiac complications in adult diphtheria: analysis of 212 cases]. | journal=Praxis (Bern 1994) | year= 1996 | volume= 85 | issue= 51-52 | pages= 1647-51 | pmid=9026877 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9026877  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24365424">{{cite journal| author=Sanghi V| title=Neurologic manifestations of diphtheria and pertussis. | journal=Handb Clin Neurol | year= 2014 | volume= 121 | issue=  | pages= 1355-9 | pmid=24365424 | doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00092-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24365424  }} </ref>
Complications that can develop as a result of diphtheria are:<ref name=CDCdiphtheria>http://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/about/complications.html Accessed on October 7, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid14069096">{{cite journal| author=MORGAN BC| title=CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS OF DIPHTHERIA. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 1963 | volume= 32 | issue=  | pages= 549-57 | pmid=14069096 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14069096  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19127670">{{cite journal| author=Anima H, Malay M, Santanu H, Rajashree R, Sita C, Baran SA| title=A study on determinants of occurrence of complications and fatality among diphtheria cases admitted to ID & BG Hospital of Kolkata. | journal=J Commun Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 40 | issue= 1 | pages= 53-8 | pmid=19127670 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19127670  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9026877">{{cite journal| author=Reidermann MI| title=[Cardiac complications in adult diphtheria: analysis of 212 cases]. | journal=Praxis (Bern 1994) | year= 1996 | volume= 85 | issue= 51-52 | pages= 1647-51 | pmid=9026877 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9026877  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24365424">{{cite journal| author=Sanghi V| title=Neurologic manifestations of diphtheria and pertussis. | journal=Handb Clin Neurol | year= 2014 | volume= 121 | issue=  | pages= 1355-9 | pmid=24365424 | doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00092-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24365424 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27260583">{{cite journal| author=Jain A, Samdani S, Meena V, Sharma MP| title=Diphtheria: It is still prevalent!!! | journal=Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol | year= 2016 | volume= 86 | issue=  | pages= 68-71 | pmid=27260583 | doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.04.024 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27260583 }} </ref>
* [[Respiratory failure]]  
* [[Respiratory failure]]  
* [[Myocarditis]]
* [[Myocarditis]]

Revision as of 18:44, 7 October 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2] Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[3]

Overview

Diphtheria is a vaccine preventable disease which can lead to severe complications like respiratory failure, myocarditis, polyneuropathies and death once the disease sets in.

Natural history

Complications

Complications that can develop as a result of diphtheria are:[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Prognosis

  • The overall case-fatality rate for diphtheria is 5%–10%, with higher death rates (up to 20%) among persons younger than 5 and older than 40 years of age. The case-fatality rate for diphtheria has changed very little during the last 50 years.
  • The disease can be prevented by vaccines. However, the prognosis is not good once the disease sets in.

References

  1. ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/about/complications.html Accessed on October 7, 2016
  2. ↑ MORGAN BC (1963). "CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS OF DIPHTHERIA". Pediatrics. 32: 549–57. PMID 14069096.
  3. ↑ Anima H, Malay M, Santanu H, Rajashree R, Sita C, Baran SA (2008). "A study on determinants of occurrence of complications and fatality among diphtheria cases admitted to ID & BG Hospital of Kolkata". J Commun Dis. 40 (1): 53–8. PMID 19127670.
  4. ↑ Reidermann MI (1996). "[Cardiac complications in adult diphtheria: analysis of 212 cases]". Praxis (Bern 1994). 85 (51–52): 1647–51. PMID 9026877.
  5. ↑ Sanghi V (2014). "Neurologic manifestations of diphtheria and pertussis". Handb Clin Neurol. 121: 1355–9. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00092-4. PMID 24365424.
  6. ↑ Jain A, Samdani S, Meena V, Sharma MP (2016). "Diphtheria: It is still prevalent!!!". Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 86: 68–71. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.04.024. PMID 27260583.


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