Bacterial vaginosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
===Common Risk Factors=== | ===Common Risk Factors=== | ||
BV is not a [[sexually transmitted disease]] ([[STD]]). Although it is less common in women who have never had sex, there is evidence that it could be linked to having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners. Also, [[douching]] appears to increase the risk of developing BV. | BV is not a [[sexually transmitted disease]] ([[STD]]). Although it is less common in women who have never had sex, there is evidence that it could be linked to having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners. Also, [[douching]] appears to increase the risk of developing BV.<ref name="pmid14672465">{{cite journal| author=Yen S, Shafer MA, Moncada J, Campbell CJ, Flinn SD, Boyer CB| title=Bacterial vaginosis in sexually experienced and non-sexually experienced young women entering the military. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2003 | volume= 102 | issue= 5 Pt 1 | pages= 927-33 | pmid=14672465 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14672465 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18947329">{{cite journal| author=Fethers KA, Fairley CK, Hocking JS, Gurrin LC, Bradshaw CS| title=Sexual risk factors and bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 47 | issue= 11 | pages= 1426-35 | pmid=18947329 | doi=10.1086/592974 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18947329 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11141849">{{cite journal| author=Fethers K, Marks C, Mindel A, Estcourt CS| title=Sexually transmitted infections and risk behaviours in women who have sex with women. | journal=Sex Transm Infect | year= 2000 | volume= 76 | issue= 5 | pages= 345-9 | pmid=11141849 | doi= | pmc=1744205 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11141849 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19200604">{{cite journal| author=Verstraelen H, Verhelst R, Nuytinck L, Roelens K, De Meester E, De Vos D et al.| title=Gene polymorphisms of Toll-like and related recognition receptors in relation to the vaginal carriage of Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae. | journal=J Reprod Immunol | year= 2009 | volume= 79 | issue= 2 | pages= 163-73 | pmid=19200604 | doi=10.1016/j.jri.2008.10.006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19200604 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12383547">{{cite journal| author=Ness RB, Hillier SL, Richter HE, Soper DE, Stamm C, McGregor J et al.| title=Douching in relation to bacterial vaginosis, lactobacilli, and facultative bacteria in the vagina. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2002 | volume= 100 | issue= 4 | pages= 765 | pmid=12383547 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12383547 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid24285846">{{cite journal| author=Bradshaw CS, Walker SM, Vodstrcil LA, Bilardi JE, Law M, Hocking JS et al.| title=The influence of behaviors and relationships on the vaginal microbiota of women and their female partners: the WOW Health Study. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 209 | issue= 10 | pages= 1562-72 | pmid=24285846 | doi=10.1093/infdis/jit664 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24285846 }} </ref> | ||
*Sexual activity | *Sexual activity | ||
* | *Women who have sex with women (WSW) | ||
* | **Increasing numbers of female sexual partners | ||
* | **A female partner with symptomatic BV | ||
* | **Various sexual practices | ||
* | *Presence of other [[sexually transmitted infections]] | ||
*Douching | |||
*Cigarette smoking | |||
*Genetic susceptibility | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:31, 13 October 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Risk factors in the development of bacterial vaginosis include multiple sex partners and the use of vaginal douches.
Risk Factors
Common Risk Factors
BV is not a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Although it is less common in women who have never had sex, there is evidence that it could be linked to having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners. Also, douching appears to increase the risk of developing BV.[1][2][3][4][5] [6]
- Sexual activity
- Women who have sex with women (WSW)
- Increasing numbers of female sexual partners
- A female partner with symptomatic BV
- Various sexual practices
- Presence of other sexually transmitted infections
- Douching
- Cigarette smoking
- Genetic susceptibility
References
- ↑ Yen S, Shafer MA, Moncada J, Campbell CJ, Flinn SD, Boyer CB (2003). "Bacterial vaginosis in sexually experienced and non-sexually experienced young women entering the military". Obstet Gynecol. 102 (5 Pt 1): 927–33. PMID 14672465.
- ↑ Fethers KA, Fairley CK, Hocking JS, Gurrin LC, Bradshaw CS (2008). "Sexual risk factors and bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Clin Infect Dis. 47 (11): 1426–35. doi:10.1086/592974. PMID 18947329.
- ↑ Fethers K, Marks C, Mindel A, Estcourt CS (2000). "Sexually transmitted infections and risk behaviours in women who have sex with women". Sex Transm Infect. 76 (5): 345–9. PMC 1744205. PMID 11141849.
- ↑ Verstraelen H, Verhelst R, Nuytinck L, Roelens K, De Meester E, De Vos D; et al. (2009). "Gene polymorphisms of Toll-like and related recognition receptors in relation to the vaginal carriage of Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae". J Reprod Immunol. 79 (2): 163–73. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2008.10.006. PMID 19200604.
- ↑ Ness RB, Hillier SL, Richter HE, Soper DE, Stamm C, McGregor J; et al. (2002). "Douching in relation to bacterial vaginosis, lactobacilli, and facultative bacteria in the vagina". Obstet Gynecol. 100 (4): 765. PMID 12383547.
- ↑ Bradshaw CS, Walker SM, Vodstrcil LA, Bilardi JE, Law M, Hocking JS; et al. (2014). "The influence of behaviors and relationships on the vaginal microbiota of women and their female partners: the WOW Health Study". J Infect Dis. 209 (10): 1562–72. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit664. PMID 24285846.