Human papillomavirus natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
Aysha Aslam (talk | contribs) |
Aysha Aslam (talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Natural history== | ==Natural history== | ||
Most infections with HPV are subclinical, asymptomatic and resolves without any complications in [[immunocompetent]] individuals. Time to develop symptoms and signs is not well defined but it may take 3 weeks to 3 months for [[genital warts]], several months to years for cellular abnormalitites ([[metaplasia]] and [[dysplasia]]) and years for development of cancers. 90% of infections resolve within 2 years due to host immune response.<ref name="pmid16967912">{{cite journal| author=Ault KA| title=Epidemiology and natural history of human papillomavirus infections in the female genital tract. | journal=Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol | year= 2006 | volume= 2006 Suppl | issue= | pages= 40470 | pmid=16967912 | doi=10.1155/IDOG/2006/40470 | pmc=1581465 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16967912 }} </ref> | |||
Persistent HPV infection is associated with risk factors such as multiple sexual partners, alcohal consumption, [[immunosupression]], older age, and multiple types of HPV detected previously. Without treatment, persistent infection with low risk types (low grade intraepithelial lesions) may resolve spontaneously. However, high risk HPV types (16,18,31,32) may lead to high grade intraepithelial lesions which ultimately to carcinoma(cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile and oropharngeal).<ref name="pmid15871112">{{cite journal| author=Castle PE, Schiffman M, Herrero R, Hildesheim A, Rodriguez AC, Bratti MC et al.| title=A prospective study of age trends in cervical human papillomavirus acquisition and persistence in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 191 | issue= 11 | pages= 1808-16 | pmid=15871112 | doi=10.1086/428779 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15871112 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11410191">{{cite journal| author=Woodman CB, Collins S, Winter H, Bailey A, Ellis J, Prior P et al.| title=Natural history of cervical human papillomavirus infection in young women: a longitudinal cohort study. | journal=Lancet | year= 2001 | volume= 357 | issue= 9271 | pages= 1831-6 | pmid=11410191 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04956-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11410191 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9459645">{{cite journal| author=Ho GY, Bierman R, Beardsley L, Chang CJ, Burk RD| title=Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1998 | volume= 338 | issue= 7 | pages= 423-8 | pmid=9459645 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199802123380703 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9459645 }} </ref><ref name=CDC3>http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/hpv.html Accessed on October 13, 2016</ref> | |||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
Revision as of 16:00, 13 October 2016
|
Human papillomavirus Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Human papillomavirus natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Human papillomavirus natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
FDA on Human papillomavirus natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
CDC on Human papillomavirus natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Human papillomavirus natural history, complications and prognosis in the news |
|
Blogs on Human papillomavirus natural history, complications and prognosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Natural history
Most infections with HPV are subclinical, asymptomatic and resolves without any complications in immunocompetent individuals. Time to develop symptoms and signs is not well defined but it may take 3 weeks to 3 months for genital warts, several months to years for cellular abnormalitites (metaplasia and dysplasia) and years for development of cancers. 90% of infections resolve within 2 years due to host immune response.[1]
Persistent HPV infection is associated with risk factors such as multiple sexual partners, alcohal consumption, immunosupression, older age, and multiple types of HPV detected previously. Without treatment, persistent infection with low risk types (low grade intraepithelial lesions) may resolve spontaneously. However, high risk HPV types (16,18,31,32) may lead to high grade intraepithelial lesions which ultimately to carcinoma(cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile and oropharngeal).[2][3][4][5]
Complications
Complications associated with the human papilloma virus infection include:[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
- Genital warts
- Cervical cancer
- Vaginal cancer
- Vulvar cancer
- Anal cancer
- Penile cancer
- Head and neck cancer
Prognosis
References
- ↑ Ault KA (2006). "Epidemiology and natural history of human papillomavirus infections in the female genital tract". Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Suppl: 40470. doi:10.1155/IDOG/2006/40470. PMC 1581465. PMID 16967912.
- ↑ Castle PE, Schiffman M, Herrero R, Hildesheim A, Rodriguez AC, Bratti MC; et al. (2005). "A prospective study of age trends in cervical human papillomavirus acquisition and persistence in Guanacaste, Costa Rica". J Infect Dis. 191 (11): 1808–16. doi:10.1086/428779. PMID 15871112.
- ↑ Woodman CB, Collins S, Winter H, Bailey A, Ellis J, Prior P; et al. (2001). "Natural history of cervical human papillomavirus infection in young women: a longitudinal cohort study". Lancet. 357 (9271): 1831–6. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04956-4. PMID 11410191.
- ↑ Ho GY, Bierman R, Beardsley L, Chang CJ, Burk RD (1998). "Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women". N Engl J Med. 338 (7): 423–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM199802123380703. PMID 9459645.
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/hpv.html Accessed on October 13, 2016
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/parents/vaccine.html Accessed on October 11, 2016
- ↑ Tilston P (1997). "Anal human papillomavirus and anal cancer". J Clin Pathol. 50 (8): 625–34. PMC 500098. PMID 9301544.
- ↑ Palefsky JM, Holly EA, Ralston ML, Jay N (1998). "Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection of the anal canal in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men". J Infect Dis. 177 (2): 361–7. PMID 9466522.
- ↑ Maden C, Sherman KJ, Beckmann AM, Hislop TG, Teh CZ, Ashley RL; et al. (1993). "History of circumcision, medical conditions, and sexual activity and risk of penile cancer". J Natl Cancer Inst. 85 (1): 19–24. PMID 8380060.
- ↑ Varma VA, Sanchez-Lanier M, Unger ER, Clark C, Tickman R, Hewan-Lowe K; et al. (1991). "Association of human papillomavirus with penile carcinoma: a study using polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization". Hum Pathol. 22 (9): 908–13. PMID 1655618.
- ↑ Gillison ML, Koch WM, Capone RB, Spafford M, Westra WH, Wu L; et al. (2000). "Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers". J Natl Cancer Inst. 92 (9): 709–20. PMID 10793107.
- ↑ Beachler DC, DʼSouza G (2013). "Oral human papillomavirus infection and head and neck cancers in HIV-infected individuals". Curr Opin Oncol. 25 (5): 503–10. doi:10.1097/CCO.0b013e32836242b4. PMC 3896303. PMID 23852381.
- ↑ de Sanjose S, Quint WG, Alemany L, Geraets DT, Klaustermeier JE, Lloveras B; et al. (2010). "Human papillomavirus genotype attribution in invasive cervical cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional worldwide study". Lancet Oncol. 11 (11): 1048–56. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70230-8. PMID 20952254.