Herpes zoster risk factors: Difference between revisions

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*Stress
*Stress


*Other potential risk factors include:  
Other potential risk factors include:  
*Women > men<ref name="pmid18528318">{{cite journal| author=Harpaz R, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Seward JF, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)| title=Prevention of herpes zoster: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). | journal=MMWR Recomm Rep | year= 2008 | volume= 57 | issue= RR-5 | pages= 1-30; quiz CE2-4 | pmid=18528318 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18528318  }} </ref><ref name="pmid14720565">{{cite journal| author=Thomas SL, Hall AJ| title=What does epidemiology tell us about risk factors for herpes zoster? | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 4 | issue= 1 | pages= 26-33 | pmid=14720565 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14720565  }} </ref>
*Women > men<ref name="pmid18528318">{{cite journal| author=Harpaz R, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Seward JF, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)| title=Prevention of herpes zoster: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). | journal=MMWR Recomm Rep | year= 2008 | volume= 57 | issue= RR-5 | pages= 1-30; quiz CE2-4 | pmid=18528318 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18528318  }} </ref><ref name="pmid14720565">{{cite journal| author=Thomas SL, Hall AJ| title=What does epidemiology tell us about risk factors for herpes zoster? | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 4 | issue= 1 | pages= 26-33 | pmid=14720565 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14720565  }} </ref>
*Whites > African Americans (by at least 50%) <ref name="pmid21224457">{{cite journal| author=Tseng HF, Smith N, Harpaz R, Bialek SR, Sy LS, Jacobsen SJ| title=Herpes zoster vaccine in older adults and the risk of subsequent herpes zoster disease. | journal=JAMA | year= 2011 | volume= 305 | issue= 2 | pages= 160-6 | pmid=21224457 | doi=10.1001/jama.2010.1983 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21224457  }} </ref>.
*Whites > African Americans (by at least 50%) <ref name="pmid21224457">{{cite journal| author=Tseng HF, Smith N, Harpaz R, Bialek SR, Sy LS, Jacobsen SJ| title=Herpes zoster vaccine in older adults and the risk of subsequent herpes zoster disease. | journal=JAMA | year= 2011 | volume= 305 | issue= 2 | pages= 160-6 | pmid=21224457 | doi=10.1001/jama.2010.1983 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21224457  }} </ref>.

Revision as of 14:18, 24 October 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; L. Katie Morrison, MD;Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[3]

Overview

Risk Factors

  • Shingels are developed in patients who were previously infected with VZV (through natural infection that caused varicella or varicella vaccination).[1]
  • All older adults in the United States are at risk for herpes zoster as approximately 99.5% of people born in the United States who are 40 years of age and older have had varicella.

Risk factors include:

  • Previous varicella virus infection
  • Varicella vaccination
  • Decline in cell mediated immunity[2]
  • Increasing age >50 yrs[3][4]
  • Immunosupression[5]
    • Malignancy, especially leukemia and lymphoma
    • HIV[6]
    • Organ transplant (bone marrow or solid organ transplant)
    • Medications ( steroids, chemotherapy or transplant related immunosupression medications)[7][8]
  • Stress

Other potential risk factors include:

  • Women > men[9][10]
  • Whites > African Americans (by at least 50%) [11].

References

  1. ↑ CDC http://www.cdc.gov/shingles/hcp/clinical-overview.html (August 2016) Accessed on October 24,2016
  2. ↑ Wung PK, Holbrook JT, Hoffman GS, Tibbs AK, Specks U, Min YI; et al. (2005). "Herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients: incidence, timing, and risk factors". Am J Med. 118 (12): 1416. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.06.012. PMID 16378799.
  3. ↑ Hayward AR, Herberger M (1987). "Lymphocyte responses to varicella zoster virus in the elderly". J Clin Immunol. 7 (2): 174–8. PMID 3033012.
  4. ↑ Oxman MN, Levin MJ, Johnson GR, Schmader KE, Straus SE, Gelb LD; et al. (2005). "A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults". N Engl J Med. 352 (22): 2271–84. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa051016. PMID 15930418. Review in: ACP J Club. 2005 Nov-Dec;143(3):61
  5. ↑ Abendroth A, Kinchington PR, Slobedman B (2010). "Varicella zoster virus immune evasion strategies". Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 342: 155–71. doi:10.1007/82_2010_41. PMC 3936337. PMID 20563710.
  6. ↑ Chronister CL (1996). "Review of external ocular disease associated with aids and HIV infection". Optom Vis Sci. 73 (4): 225–30. PMID 8728488.
  7. ↑ Benz MS, Glaser JS, Davis JL (2003). "Progressive outer retinal necrosis in immunocompetent patients treated initially for optic neuropathy with systemic corticosteroids". Am J Ophthalmol. 135 (4): 551–3. PMID 12654381.
  8. ↑ Fernandes NF, Malliah R, Stitik TP, Rozdeba P, Lambert WC, Schwartz RA (2009). "Herpes zoster following intra-articular corticosteroid injection". Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. 18 (1): 28–30. PMID 19350185.
  9. ↑ Harpaz R, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Seward JF, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2008). "Prevention of herpes zoster: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)". MMWR Recomm Rep. 57 (RR-5): 1–30, quiz CE2-4. PMID 18528318.
  10. ↑ Thomas SL, Hall AJ (2004). "What does epidemiology tell us about risk factors for herpes zoster?". Lancet Infect Dis. 4 (1): 26–33. PMID 14720565.
  11. ↑ Tseng HF, Smith N, Harpaz R, Bialek SR, Sy LS, Jacobsen SJ (2011). "Herpes zoster vaccine in older adults and the risk of subsequent herpes zoster disease". JAMA. 305 (2): 160–6. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1983. PMID 21224457.


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