Polyarteritis nodosa overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Polyarteritis nodosa is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis that typically affects the medium (and occasionally, small-sized) muscular arteries. Chapel Hill International Consensus Conference (CHCC) has differentiated PAN from microscopic polyangiitis which primarily affects small vessels | Polyarteritis nodosa is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis that typically affects the medium (and occasionally, small-sized) muscular arteries. Chapel Hill International Consensus Conference (CHCC) has differentiated PAN from microscopic polyangiitis which primarily affects small vessels <ref name="pmid8129773">{{cite journal| author=Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K, Bacon PA, Churg J, Gross WL et al.| title=Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides. Proposal of an international consensus conference. | journal=Arthritis Rheum | year= 1994 | volume= 37 | issue= 2 | pages= 187-92 | pmid=8129773 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8129773 }} </ref>. | ||
Diagnosis of PAN is very difficult probably because of lack of a serological marker for PAN, and also due to the unavailability of suitable tissue for histological confirmation of diagnosis. Polyarteritis nodosa unlike most other vasculidities is not Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) positive | Diagnosis of PAN is very difficult probably because of lack of a serological marker for PAN, and also due to the unavailability of suitable tissue for histological confirmation of diagnosis. Polyarteritis nodosa unlike most other vasculidities is not Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) positive <ref name="pmid7933826">{{cite journal| author=Kallenberg CG, Brouwer E, Weening JJ, Tervaert JW| title=Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: current diagnostic and pathophysiological potential. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 1994 | volume= 46 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-15 | pmid=7933826 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7933826 }} </ref>. | ||
It is very rare and often present as a systemic disease affecting multiple organs but strikingly, polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) does not affect the lungs. The organs commonly affected by polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) include the kidneys, skin, joints, muscles, nerves, and gastrointestinal tract. PAN often has a multisystem presentation at diagnosis with the exception of variants like single-organ disease and cutaneous-only PAN. PAN has been associated with hepatitis B virus infection. | It is very rare and often present as a systemic disease affecting multiple organs but strikingly, polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) does not affect the lungs. The organs commonly affected by polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) include the kidneys, skin, joints, muscles, nerves, and gastrointestinal tract. PAN often has a multisystem presentation at diagnosis with the exception of variants like single-organ disease and cutaneous-only PAN. PAN has been associated with hepatitis B virus infection. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Haritha Machavarapu, M.B.B.S.
Overview
Polyarteritis nodosa is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis that typically affects the medium (and occasionally, small-sized) muscular arteries. Chapel Hill International Consensus Conference (CHCC) has differentiated PAN from microscopic polyangiitis which primarily affects small vessels [1].
Diagnosis of PAN is very difficult probably because of lack of a serological marker for PAN, and also due to the unavailability of suitable tissue for histological confirmation of diagnosis. Polyarteritis nodosa unlike most other vasculidities is not Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) positive [2].
It is very rare and often present as a systemic disease affecting multiple organs but strikingly, polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) does not affect the lungs. The organs commonly affected by polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) include the kidneys, skin, joints, muscles, nerves, and gastrointestinal tract. PAN often has a multisystem presentation at diagnosis with the exception of variants like single-organ disease and cutaneous-only PAN. PAN has been associated with hepatitis B virus infection.
Polyarteritis nodosa is a vasculitis of medium-sized arteries, which become swollen and damaged from attack by rogue immune cells.
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Polyarteritis Nodosa from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
CT
MRI
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Surgery
Medical Therapy
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
References
- ↑ Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K, Bacon PA, Churg J, Gross WL; et al. (1994). "Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides. Proposal of an international consensus conference". Arthritis Rheum. 37 (2): 187–92. PMID 8129773.
- ↑ Kallenberg CG, Brouwer E, Weening JJ, Tervaert JW (1994). "Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: current diagnostic and pathophysiological potential". Kidney Int. 46 (1): 1–15. PMID 7933826.