IgA nephropathy epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
Ig A is currently the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis globally. Although, it can occur in childhood, it is often found mostly in adult males in the second to third decade of life. IgA has a male to female predominance of 2:1; and is found more commonly in Asians, Caucasians and people of Eastern Europe. It is very rare in Blacks and people of African descent. | |||
IgA nephropathy is the most common primary chronic glomerulonephritis in the developed world. It comprises approximately 10% of all biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis in USA, 20% of those in Europe and 40-50% of those in Asia.<ref name="pmid15882273">{{cite journal| author=Haubitz M, Wittke S, Weissinger EM, Walden M, Rupprecht HD, Floege J et al.| title=Urine protein patterns can serve as diagnostic tools in patients with IgA nephropathy. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2005 | volume= 67 | issue= 6 | pages= 2313-20 | pmid=15882273 | doi=10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00335.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15882273 }} </ref> However, kidney biopsies are not routinely performed for all patients with kidney diseases; hence, IgA nephropathy is perhaps under-diagnosed, and its true prevalence remains unknown. | IgA nephropathy is the most common primary chronic glomerulonephritis in the developed world. It comprises approximately 10% of all biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis in USA, 20% of those in Europe and 40-50% of those in Asia.<ref name="pmid15882273">{{cite journal| author=Haubitz M, Wittke S, Weissinger EM, Walden M, Rupprecht HD, Floege J et al.| title=Urine protein patterns can serve as diagnostic tools in patients with IgA nephropathy. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2005 | volume= 67 | issue= 6 | pages= 2313-20 | pmid=15882273 | doi=10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00335.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15882273 }} </ref> However, kidney biopsies are not routinely performed for all patients with kidney diseases; hence, IgA nephropathy is perhaps under-diagnosed, and its true prevalence remains unknown. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Ig A is currently the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis globally. Although, it can occur in childhood, it is often found mostly in adult males in the second to third decade of life. IgA has a male to female predominance of 2:1; and is found more commonly in Asians, Caucasians and people of Eastern Europe. It is very rare in Blacks and people of African descent.
IgA nephropathy is the most common primary chronic glomerulonephritis in the developed world. It comprises approximately 10% of all biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis in USA, 20% of those in Europe and 40-50% of those in Asia.[1] However, kidney biopsies are not routinely performed for all patients with kidney diseases; hence, IgA nephropathy is perhaps under-diagnosed, and its true prevalence remains unknown.
IgA nephropathy is very prevalent in the Pacific Rim in Europe and North America[2] and in the Far Eastern Asia in China and Japan.[3] IgA nephropathy seems to be more common among males with a 2:1 male to female ratio for both children and adults based on studies in the USA.[4][5] However, studies from Japan showed different ratios from those of USA; they often report an equal male to female ratio.[6]
IgA nephropathy may present at any age. It is a frequently diagnosed glomerular disease in the pediatric and the adult population. The median age ranges between 30-40 years. Recently, the disease has become more recognized among the elderly with emergence of new incidents among patients in the older age groups.[2]
Although the classical presentation of IgA nephropathy is often recognized as gross hematuria in a young male patient following an upper respiratory tract infection, such findings are in fact only seen in 30-40% of the patients.[2] Atypical presentations are more common among older patients.
References
- ↑ Haubitz M, Wittke S, Weissinger EM, Walden M, Rupprecht HD, Floege J; et al. (2005). "Urine protein patterns can serve as diagnostic tools in patients with IgA nephropathy". Kidney Int. 67 (6): 2313–20. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00335.x. PMID 15882273.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Barratt J, Feehally J (2005). "IgA nephropathy". J Am Soc Nephrol. 16 (7): 2088–97. doi:10.1681/ASN.2005020134. PMID 15930092.
- ↑ Hall YN, Fuentes EF, Chertow GM, Olson JL (2004). "Race/ethnicity and disease severity in IgA nephropathy". BMC Nephrol. 5: 10. doi:10.1186/1471-2369-5-10. PMC 517500. PMID 15341669.
- ↑ Wyatt RJ, Kritchevsky SB, Woodford SY, Miller PM, Roy S, Holland NH; et al. (1995). "IgA nephropathy: long-term prognosis for pediatric patients". J Pediatr. 127 (6): 913–9. PMID 8523188.
- ↑ Wyatt RJ, Julian BA, Baehler RW, Stafford CC, McMorrow RG, Ferguson T; et al. (1998). "Epidemiology of IgA nephropathy in central and eastern Kentucky for the period 1975 through 1994. Central Kentucky Region of the Southeastern United States IgA Nephropathy DATABANK Project". J Am Soc Nephrol. 9 (5): 853–8. PMID 9596083.
- ↑ Feehally J, Cameron JS (2011). "IgA nephropathy: progress before and since Berger". Am J Kidney Dis. 58 (2): 310–9. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.03.024. PMID 21705126.