Dysarthria: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Common Causes=== | |||
==Causes by Organ System== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
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=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
{{Columns-list|3| | |||
* [[Abscess]] | *[[Abscess]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Acquired brain injury]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Acute dystonic reaction]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Amyloidosis]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Anaerobic infection]] | ||
*[[Anesthesia]] | |||
*[[Anticonvulsant intoxication]] | |||
*[[Articulation disorders]] | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
*[[Asenapine maleate]] | *[[Asenapine maleate]] | ||
*[[Basal ganglia disorders]] | |||
*[[Basilar artery insufficiency]] | |||
*[[Botulinum toxin]] | |||
*[[Botulism]] | |||
*[[Brain injury]] | |||
*[[Brain tumor]] | |||
*[[Brainstem infarction ]] | |||
*[[Brainstem tumor]] | |||
*[[Brainstem stroke]] | |||
*[[Carbamazepine]] | |||
*[[Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome]] | |||
*[[Central pontine myelinosis]] | |||
*[[Cerebellar disorders]] | |||
*[[Cerebellar infarction]] | |||
*[[Cerebellar syndrome]] | |||
*[[Cerebral palsy]] | |||
*[[Cerebral stroke ]] | |||
*[[Cerebrovascular accident]] | |||
*[[Charlevoix-saguenay spastic ataxia]] | |||
*[[Cleft palate]] | |||
*[[Cytarabine]] | *[[Cytarabine]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Degenerative brain disease]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Dementia]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Dermatomyositis]] | ||
*[[Diabetic nerve infarction]] | |||
*[[Diptheria]] | |||
*[[Enlarged tongue]] | |||
*[[Friedreich's ataxia]] | |||
*[[Guillain-barre syndrome]] | |||
*[[Head injury]] | |||
*[[Head trauma]] | |||
*[[Hearing loss]] | |||
*[[Huntington's disease]] | |||
*[[Hypothyroidism]] | |||
*[[Ill-fitting dentures]] | |||
*[[Lacosamide]] | *[[Lacosamide]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Lomustine]] | ||
*[[Loxapine]] | *[[Loxapine]] | ||
*[[Lyme disease]] | |||
*[[Macroglossia]] | |||
*[[Manganese poisoning]] | |||
*[[Maturational delay]] | |||
*[[Mitochondrial disease]] | |||
*[[Motor neurone disease]] | |||
*[[Multiple sclerosis]] | |||
*[[Muscular dystrophy]] | |||
*[[Myasthenia gravis]] | |||
*[[Myotonic muscular dystrophy]] | |||
*[[Neuroferritinopathy]] | |||
*[[Neurologic disorders]] | |||
*[[Neurological diseases]] | |||
*[[Neuron lesions of cranial nerve ix]] | |||
*[[Neuron lesions of cranial nerve x]] | |||
*[[Noonan syndrome]] | |||
*[[Olanzapine]] | *[[Olanzapine]] | ||
*[[Olivopontocerebellar degeneration]] | |||
*[[Oprelvekin]] | *[[Oprelvekin]] | ||
*[[Organophosphate poisoning]] | |||
*[[Parkinson disease]] | |||
*[[Parkinsonism]] | |||
*[[Parkinson's disease]] | |||
*[[Partington x-linked mental retardation syndrome]] | |||
*[[Perphenazine]] | |||
*[[Phonology disorders]] | |||
*[[Poliomyelitis]] | |||
*[[Polymyositis]] | |||
*[[Poorly fitting mouth appliances]] | |||
*[[Pramipexole]] | *[[Pramipexole]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Progressive external ophthalmoplegia, autosomal recessive]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Progressive supranuclear palsy]] | ||
*[[Psychologic disorders]] | |||
*[[Resonance disorders]] | |||
*[[Sando]] | |||
*[[Spinocerebellar ataxias]] | |||
*[[Stroke]] | |||
*[[Turner syndrome]] | |||
*[[Wilson's disease]] | |||
*[[Wolfram's disease]] | |||
*[[Woodhouse-sakati syndrome]] | |||
*[[Worster-drought syndrome]] | |||
}} | |||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Revision as of 17:50, 9 November 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Dysarthria is a speech disorder resulting from neurological injury, characterised by poor articulation (cf aphasia: disorder of the content of speech). Any of the speech subsystems (respiration, phonation, resonance, prosody, articulation and movements of jaw and tongue) can be affected.
Disarthic speech is due to some disorder in the nervous system, which in turn hinders control over for example tongue, throat, lips or lungs. Swallowing problems, dysphagia, are often present.
Cranial nerves that control these muscles include the facial nerve (VII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), the vagus nerve (X), and the hypoglossal nerve (XII).
Classification
Dysarthrias are classified in multiple ways based on the presentation of symptoms. Specific dysarthrias include Spastic, Flaccid, Hyperkinetic, Hypokinetic, Ataxic, Unilateral upper motor neuron, and Mixed dysarthria.
Pathophysiology
The reasons behind dysarthria can be many; among the diseases are ALS, Parkinson's disease, botulism, cranial nerve lesions, chorea, prion protein related diseases, and cerebral palsy. Dysarthria can also be an early symptom of stroke, and of other forms of traumatic brain injury. More common causes are intoxication and anesthesia, although these are transient. Another possibility is myasthenia gravis.
Causes
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Treatment
The articulation problems that dysarthria causes can be treated together with a speech language pathologist using a range of techniques which sometimes includes strengthening the speech musculature. Devices that make coping with dysarthria easier include speech synthesis software and text-based telephones.