Diabetic nephropathy primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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==Primary Prevention== | ==Primary Prevention== | ||
Primary prevention of diabetic nephropathy is aimed at preventing diabetes in the first place. This is achieved through encouraging weight loss and exercise among the general population.<ref name="pmid15586648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ayodele OE, Alebiosu CO, Salako BL |title=Diabetic nephropathy--a review of the natural history, burden, risk factors and treatment |journal=J Natl Med Assoc |volume=96 |issue=11 |pages=1445–54 |year=2004 |pmid=15586648 |pmc=2568593 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11333990">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Laakso M, Louheranta A, Rastas M, Salminen V, Uusitupa M |title=Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=344 |issue=18 |pages=1343–50 |year=2001 |pmid=11333990 |doi=10.1056/NEJM200105033441801 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9096977">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZX, Hu ZX, Lin J, Xiao JZ, Cao HB, Liu PA, Jiang XG, Jiang YY, Wang JP, Zheng H, Zhang H, Bennett PH, Howard BV |title=Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=537–44 |year=1997 |pmid=9096977 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11832527">{{cite journal |vauthors=Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, Nathan DM |title=Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=6 |pages=393–403 |year=2002 |pmid=11832527 |pmc=1370926 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa012512 |url=}}</ref> Currently, there is no sufficient evidence for the use of drugs, such as [[metformin]], as means for primary prevention of diabetes.<ref name="pmid15586648">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ayodele OE, Alebiosu CO, Salako BL |title=Diabetic nephropathy--a review of the natural history, burden, risk factors and treatment |journal=J Natl Med Assoc |volume=96 |issue=11 |pages=1445–54 |year=2004 |pmid=15586648 |pmc=2568593 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12502620">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sherwin RS, Anderson RM, Buse JB, Chin MH, Eddy D, Fradkin J, Ganiats TG, Ginsberg H, Kahn R, Nwankwo R, Rewers M, Schlessinger L, Stern M, Vinicor F, Zinman B |title=The prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=26 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=S62–9 |year=2003 |pmid=12502620 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
Overview
Primary Prevention
Primary prevention of diabetic nephropathy is aimed at preventing diabetes in the first place. This is achieved through encouraging weight loss and exercise among the general population.[1][2][3][4] Currently, there is no sufficient evidence for the use of drugs, such as metformin, as means for primary prevention of diabetes.[1][5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ayodele OE, Alebiosu CO, Salako BL (2004). "Diabetic nephropathy--a review of the natural history, burden, risk factors and treatment". J Natl Med Assoc. 96 (11): 1445–54. PMC 2568593. PMID 15586648.
- ↑ Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Laakso M, Louheranta A, Rastas M, Salminen V, Uusitupa M (2001). "Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance". N. Engl. J. Med. 344 (18): 1343–50. doi:10.1056/NEJM200105033441801. PMID 11333990.
- ↑ Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZX, Hu ZX, Lin J, Xiao JZ, Cao HB, Liu PA, Jiang XG, Jiang YY, Wang JP, Zheng H, Zhang H, Bennett PH, Howard BV (1997). "Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study". Diabetes Care. 20 (4): 537–44. PMID 9096977.
- ↑ Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, Nathan DM (2002). "Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin". N. Engl. J. Med. 346 (6): 393–403. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa012512. PMC 1370926. PMID 11832527.
- ↑ Sherwin RS, Anderson RM, Buse JB, Chin MH, Eddy D, Fradkin J, Ganiats TG, Ginsberg H, Kahn R, Nwankwo R, Rewers M, Schlessinger L, Stern M, Vinicor F, Zinman B (2003). "The prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes". Diabetes Care. 26 Suppl 1: S62–9. PMID 12502620.