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Common risk factors in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage include [[tobacco smoking|smoking]], [[hypertension]] (high blood pressure) and excessive [[alcoholic beverage|alcohol]] intake; all are associated with a doubled risk for SAH. Some protection of uncertain significance is conferred by Caucasian ethnicity, [[hormone replacement therapy]], and a higher than normal [[cholesterol]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM, ''et al'' |title=Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies |journal=Stroke |volume=36 |issue=12 |pages=2773–80 | year=2005| pmid=16282541| doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8}}</ref> | Common risk factors in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage include [[tobacco smoking|smoking]], [[hypertension]] (high blood pressure) and excessive [[alcoholic beverage|alcohol]] intake; all are associated with a doubled risk for SAH. Some protection of uncertain significance is conferred by Caucasian ethnicity, [[hormone replacement therapy]], and a higher than normal [[cholesterol]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM, ''et al'' |title=Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies |journal=Stroke |volume=36 |issue=12 |pages=2773–80 | year=2005| pmid=16282541| doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8}}</ref> | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage include: <ref>{{cite journal |author=Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM, ''et al'' |title=Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies |journal=Stroke |volume=36 |issue=12 |pages=2773–80 | year=2005| pmid=16282541| doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8}}</ref><ref name="pmid16282541">{{cite journal| author=Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM, Algra A, Bennett DA, van Gijn J et al.| title=Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies. | journal=Stroke | year= 2005 | volume= 36 | issue= 12 | pages= 2773-80 | pmid=16282541 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16282541 }} </ref> | Common risk factors in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage include: <ref>{{cite journal |author=Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM, ''et al'' |title=Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies |journal=Stroke |volume=36 |issue=12 |pages=2773–80 | year=2005| pmid=16282541| doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8}}</ref><ref name="pmid16282541">{{cite journal| author=Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM, Algra A, Bennett DA, van Gijn J et al.| title=Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies. | journal=Stroke | year= 2005 | volume= 36 | issue= 12 | pages= 2773-80 | pmid=16282541 | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16282541 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11117973">{{cite journal| author=Kernan WN, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Broderick JP, Brott T, Feldmann E et al.| title=c and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2000 | volume= 343 | issue= 25 | pages= 1826-32 | pmid=11117973 | doi=10.1056/NEJM200012213432501 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11117973 }}</ref><ref name="pmid1866000">{{cite journal| author=Levine SR, Brust JC, Futrell N, Brass LM, Blake D, Fayad P et al.| title=A comparative study of the cerebrovascular complications of cocaine: alkaloidal versus hydrochloride--a review. | journal=Neurology | year= 1991 | volume= 41 | issue= 8 | pages= 1173-7 | pmid=1866000 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1866000 }}</ref><ref name="pmid3572505">{{cite journal| author=Scotti G, Filizzolo F, Scialfa G, Tampieri D, Versari P| title=Repeated subarachnoid hemorrhages from a cervical meningioma. Case report. | journal=J Neurosurg | year= 1987 | volume= 66 | issue= 5 | pages= 779-81 | pmid=3572505 | doi=10.3171/jns.1987.66.5.0779 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3572505 }}</ref><ref name="pmid20142616">{{cite journal| author=Navi BB, Reichman JS, Berlin D, Reiner AS, Panageas KS, Segal AZ et al.| title=Intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients with cancer. | journal=Neurology | year= 2010 | volume= 74 | issue= 6 | pages= 494-501 | pmid=20142616 | doi=10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181cef837 | pmc=2830918 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20142616 }}</ref> | ||
===Hereditary=== | ===Hereditary=== | ||
*[[Connective tissue disease|Connective tissue diseases]] | *[[Connective tissue disease|Connective tissue diseases]] | ||
Revision as of 20:53, 7 December 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage include smoking, hypertension (high blood pressure) and excessive alcohol intake; all are associated with a doubled risk for SAH. Some protection of uncertain significance is conferred by Caucasian ethnicity, hormone replacement therapy, and a higher than normal cholesterol.[1]
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage include: [2][3][4][5][6][7]
Hereditary
- Connective tissue diseases
- Familial hyperaldosteronism type I
- Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
- Moyamoya syndrome
Other risk factors
- arteriovenous malformation
- Head injury
- Hypertension
- Cigarette smoking
- Estrogen deficiency
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Excessive alcohol intake
- Arteriovenous malformation
References
- ↑ Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM; et al. (2005). "Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies". Stroke. 36 (12): 2773–80. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8. PMID 16282541.
- ↑ Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM; et al. (2005). "Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies". Stroke. 36 (12): 2773–80. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8. PMID 16282541.
- ↑ Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM, Algra A, Bennett DA, van Gijn J; et al. (2005). "Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies". Stroke. 36 (12): 2773–80. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8. PMID 16282541.
- ↑ Kernan WN, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Broderick JP, Brott T, Feldmann E; et al. (2000). "c and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke". N Engl J Med. 343 (25): 1826–32. doi:10.1056/NEJM200012213432501. PMID 11117973.
- ↑ Levine SR, Brust JC, Futrell N, Brass LM, Blake D, Fayad P; et al. (1991). "A comparative study of the cerebrovascular complications of cocaine: alkaloidal versus hydrochloride--a review". Neurology. 41 (8): 1173–7. PMID 1866000.
- ↑ Scotti G, Filizzolo F, Scialfa G, Tampieri D, Versari P (1987). "Repeated subarachnoid hemorrhages from a cervical meningioma. Case report". J Neurosurg. 66 (5): 779–81. doi:10.3171/jns.1987.66.5.0779. PMID 3572505.
- ↑ Navi BB, Reichman JS, Berlin D, Reiner AS, Panageas KS, Segal AZ; et al. (2010). "Intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients with cancer". Neurology. 74 (6): 494–501. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181cef837. PMC 2830918. PMID 20142616.