Subarachnoid hemorrhage classification: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 03:59, 8 December 2016

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [3]

Overview

Classification

According to the etiology, spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage may be classified into aneurysmal and nonaeurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Traumatic

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Ruptured saccular aneurysms

Occult aneurysmal

Perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Vascular malformations

Intracranial arterial dissection

Other causes

References

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 {{Subarachnoid hemorrhage}}
 {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}; {{SaraM}}
+==Overview==
 ==Classification==
 According to the [[etiology]], spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage may be classified into [[Aneurysmal disease|aneurysmal]] and nonaeurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
@@ Line 12: / Line 14: @@
 {{familytree/end}}
-There are several grading scales available for subarachnoid hemorrhage. These have been derived by retrospectively matching characteristics of patients with their outcomes. In addition to the ubiquitously used [[Glasgow Coma Scale]], three other specialized scores are in use.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Rosen D, Macdonald R |title=Subarachnoid hemorrhage grading scales: a systematic review |journal=Neurocrit Care |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=110-8 |year=2005 |pmid=16159052}}</ref>
-===Hunt and Hess Scale===
-The first scale of severity, described by Hunt and Hess in 1968:<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hunt W, Hess R |title=Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms |journal=J Neurosurg |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=14-20 |year=1968 |pmid=5635959}}</ref>
-*Grade 1: Asymptomatic; or minimal [[headache]] and slight [[nuchal rigidity]]. Approximate survival rate 70%.
-*Grade 2: Moderate to severe headache; nuchal rigidity; no [[neurology|neurologic]] deficit except [[cranial nerve]] [[palsy]]. 60%.
-*Grade 3: Drowsy; minimal neurologic deficit. 50%.
-*Grade 4: Stuporous; moderate to severe [[hemiparesis]]; possibly early [[decerebrate rigidity]] and vegetative disturbances. 20%.
-*Grade 5: Deep [[coma]]; decerebrate rigidity; moribund. 10%.
-===Fisher Grade===
-The Fisher Grade classifies the appearance of subarachnoid hemorrhage on [[CT scan]] as an index of vasospasm risk:<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fisher C, Kistler J, Davis J |title=Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning |journal=Neurosurgery |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1-9 |year=1980 |pmid=7354892}}</ref>
-* Grade 1= No hemorrhage evident
-* Grade 2= Subarachnoid hemorrhage less than 1 mm thick
-* Grade 3= Subarachnoid hemorrhage more than 1 mm thick
-* Grade 4= Subarachnoid hemorrhage of any thickness with intra-ventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or parenchymal extension
-===World Federation of Neurosurgeons===
-The World Federation of Neurosurgeons classification:<ref>{{cite journal |author=Teasdale G, Drake C, Hunt W, Kassell N, Sano K, Pertuiset B, De Villiers J |title=A universal subarachnoid hemorrhage scale: report of a committee of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies |journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry |volume=51 |issue=11 |pages=1457 |year=1988 |pmid=3236024}}</ref>
-* Class 1 - GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)15
-* Class 2 - GCS 13-14 without focal neurological deficit
-* Class 3 - GCS 13-14 with focal neurological deficit
-* Class 4 - GCS 7-12 with or without focal neurological deficit
-* Class 5 - GCS <7 with or without focal neurological deficit
 ==References==
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 {{WS}}
-[[Category:Neurotrauma]]
 [[Category:Neurosurgery]]
 [[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
 [[Category:Neurology]]
 [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
-[[Category:Disease]]
-[[Category:Needs overview]]

Subarachnoid hemorrhage classification: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 03:59, 8 December 2016

Overview

Classification

References

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