Diabetic ketoacidosis laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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== Laboratory Findings == | == Laboratory Findings == | ||
* {| class="wikitable" ! colspan=" | * {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="4" |Laboratory findings in type 1 diabetes based on presentation |- | | |Classic new onset |Diabetic Ketoacidosis |- | rowspan="12" |Blood |Glucose | | ||
* Random: random (nonfasting) plasma glucose concentration of 200 mg/dL or higher | |||
* Fasting plasma glucose concentration of 126 mg/dL (6.99 mmol/L) or higher |Random glucose sugar is more then 250 mg/dl |- |HbA1c |HbA<sub>1c</sub> level of 6.5% or higher |Not applicable |- |CBC with differential |Normal |Mildly elevated with normal differential |- |Basic metabolic panel |Normal |Serum bicarbonate < 18 mEq/L Serum Sodium: Often normal or elevated Serum Phosphate: Often normal or elevated Serum Potassium: Often normal or elevated |- |Serum Creatinine |Normal |Often elevated |- |Serum calicum |Normal |Decreased |- |Serum amylase |Normal |Mildly elevated |- |Serum Lipase |Normal |Normal |- |Serum osmorality |Normal |Normal |- |Serum Ketones |Normal |High |- |Anion gap |normal |High |- |Arterial Blood gas |Normal |Metabolic acidosis, compensated by respiratory alkalosis |- | rowspan="2" |Urine |Glucose |May or may not be present(Blood glucose should be more then 200 mg/dl to appear in urine) |Often present |- |Ketones |absent |Present |} There are two different tests your doctor can use to determine whether you have pre-diabetes or diabetes: the fasting plasma glucose test (FPG) or the [[oral glucose tolerance test]] ([[OGTT]]). The blood glucose levels measured after these tests determine whether you have a normal metabolism, or whether you have pre-diabetes or diabetes. If your blood glucose level is abnormal following the FPG, you have impaired fasting glucose (IFG); if your blood glucose level is abnormal following the OGTT, you have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). | |||
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Revision as of 13:31, 13 December 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Laboratory Findings
- {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="4" |Laboratory findings in type 1 diabetes based on presentation |- | | |Classic new onset |Diabetic Ketoacidosis |- | rowspan="12" |Blood |Glucose |
- Random: random (nonfasting) plasma glucose concentration of 200 mg/dL or higher
- Fasting plasma glucose concentration of 126 mg/dL (6.99 mmol/L) or higher |Random glucose sugar is more then 250 mg/dl |- |HbA1c |HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher |Not applicable |- |CBC with differential |Normal |Mildly elevated with normal differential |- |Basic metabolic panel |Normal |Serum bicarbonate < 18 mEq/L Serum Sodium: Often normal or elevated Serum Phosphate: Often normal or elevated Serum Potassium: Often normal or elevated |- |Serum Creatinine |Normal |Often elevated |- |Serum calicum |Normal |Decreased |- |Serum amylase |Normal |Mildly elevated |- |Serum Lipase |Normal |Normal |- |Serum osmorality |Normal |Normal |- |Serum Ketones |Normal |High |- |Anion gap |normal |High |- |Arterial Blood gas |Normal |Metabolic acidosis, compensated by respiratory alkalosis |- | rowspan="2" |Urine |Glucose |May or may not be present(Blood glucose should be more then 200 mg/dl to appear in urine) |Often present |- |Ketones |absent |Present |} There are two different tests your doctor can use to determine whether you have pre-diabetes or diabetes: the fasting plasma glucose test (FPG) or the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The blood glucose levels measured after these tests determine whether you have a normal metabolism, or whether you have pre-diabetes or diabetes. If your blood glucose level is abnormal following the FPG, you have impaired fasting glucose (IFG); if your blood glucose level is abnormal following the OGTT, you have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
- The patient with medical history of diabetes, during an illness such as pneumonia, heart attack, stroke or pregnancy has a Blood sugar level higher than 240 mg/dl.
- Higer blood ketone level
- Arterial blood gas: When diabetic ketoacidosis occurs, the blood will become acidic (acidosis). This can damage organs throughout the body.
- Urinalysis：Sugar and ketone can be checked in urin of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.*Additional tests, such as a chest x-ray or a electrocardiogram, may be needed to help the doctor determine what triggered the episode of diabetic ketoacidosis or what damage the ketoacidosis may have caused.