Dermatomyositis causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 17:39, 14 December 2016

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Possible causes of dermatomyositis include viral infections and autoimmune reactions. It is closely associated with other autoimmune diseases.

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Pericarditis, Raynaud phenomenon, Statins, Vasculitis
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Calcinosis cutis, Gottron papules, Photosensitivity of skin, Sclerosis of skin, Telangiectasia
Drug Side Effect	Carbimazole, Carticaine, Cimetidine, Cyclophosphamide, Penicillamine, Phenylbutazone, Phenytoin, Quinidine, Statins
Ear Nose Throat	Dysphagia, Dysphonia
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Antinuclear antibodies, Autoantibodies, Hla-b8, Hla-dr3, Hla-drw52, Interferon-alpha, Interferon-beta, Interferon-gamma
Hematologic	Chronic myelogenous leukemia, Cytoplasmic antigen antibodies, Eosinophilia, Hla-b8, Hla-dr3, Hla-drw52, Htlv-1
Iatrogenic	Bacillus calmette-guérin vaccine
Infectious Disease	Coxsackie b virus, Echovirus, Hepatitis b vaccine, Hiv, Htlv-1, Hypertrichosis, Parvovirus, Pyrexia of unknown origin, Sterile pneumonitis, Streptococcus, Toxoplasma
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Ectopic calcification, Electromyogram abnormalities, Muscular hypertrophy, Myositis, Periorbital swelling, Proximal muscle weakness, Proximal myopathy
Neurologic	Hyporeflexia
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Ovarian cancer
Oncologic	Anti–tumor necrosis factor drugs, Breast cancer, Chronic myelogenous leukemia, Lung cancer, Ovarian cancer, Tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Lung cancer, Pulmonary fibrosis, Respiratory failure type 2, Sterile pneumonitis
Renal/Electrolyte	Rhabdomyolysis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Immunocompromise, Rheumatoid factor positive
Sexual	Hiv
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

3

The cause is unknown, but it may result from either a viral infection or an autoimmune reaction. Some cases of dermatomyositis actually "overlap" (are combined with) another autoimmune disease such as lupus, scleroderma, or vasculitis. Because of the link between DM and autoimmune disease, doctors and patients suspecting DM may find it helpful to run an ANA - antinuclear antibody - test, which in cases of a lupus-like nature may be positive (usually from 1:160 to 1:640, with normal ranges at 1:40 and below).

Some cases of DM are a paraneoplastic phenomenon, indicating the presence of cancer.^[1] In cases involving cancer, the cancer is usually pre-existent, with removal of the cancer resulting in remission of the DM. The onset of a rash in patients with pre-existing myositis requires investigation of the neoplastic possibility.

In 1988, the noted Lyme disease researcher Dr. Alan Steere observed: "Finally, the perivascular lymphoid infiltrate in clinical myositis does not differ from that seen in polymyositis or dermatomyositis. All of these histologic derangements suggest immunologic damage in response to persistence of the spirochete, however few in number.", in his article, Clinical pathologic correlations of Lyme disease by stage.

References

↑ Scheinfeld NS (2006). "Ulcerative paraneoplastic dermatomyositis secondary to metastatic breast cancer". Skinmed. 5 (2): 94–6. doi:10.1111/j.1540-9740.2006.03637.x. PMID 16603844.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid16603844-1] Scheinfeld NS (2006). "Ulcerative paraneoplastic dermatomyositis secondary to metastatic breast cancer". Skinmed. 5 (2): 94–6. doi:10.1111/j.1540-9740.2006.03637.x. PMID 16603844.

[1]

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ==Causes==
+===Common Causes===
+===Causes by Organ System===
+{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Pericarditis]],  [[Raynaud phenomenon]],  [[Statins]],  [[Vasculitis]]
+|-
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dermatologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Calcinosis cutis]],  [[Gottron papules]],  [[Photosensitivity of skin]],  [[Sclerosis of skin]],  [[Telangiectasia]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carbimazole]],  [[Carticaine]],  [[Cimetidine]],  [[Cyclophosphamide]],  [[Penicillamine]],  [[Phenylbutazone]],  [[Phenytoin]],  [[Quinidine]],  [[Statins]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysphagia]],  [[Dysphonia]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Endocrine'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Environmental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Genetic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Antinuclear antibodies]],  [[Autoantibodies]],  [[Hla-b8]],  [[Hla-dr3]],  [[Hla-drw52]],  [[Interferon-alpha]],  [[Interferon-beta]],  [[Interferon-gamma]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Hematologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic myelogenous leukemia]],  [[Cytoplasmic antigen antibodies]],  [[Eosinophilia]],  [[Hla-b8]],  [[Hla-dr3]],  [[Hla-drw52]],  [[Htlv-1]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Iatrogenic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bacillus calmette-guérin vaccine]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Infectious Disease'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Coxsackie b virus]],  [[Echovirus]],  [[Hepatitis b vaccine]],  [[Hiv]],  [[Htlv-1]],  [[Hypertrichosis]],  [[Parvovirus]],  [[Pyrexia of unknown origin]],  [[Sterile pneumonitis]],  [[Streptococcus]],  [[Toxoplasma]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ectopic calcification]],  [[Electromyogram abnormalities]],  [[Muscular hypertrophy]],  [[Myositis]],  [[Periorbital swelling]],  [[Proximal muscle weakness]],  [[Proximal myopathy]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Neurologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hyporeflexia]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ovarian cancer]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Oncologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anti–tumor necrosis factor drugs]],  [[Breast cancer]],  [[Chronic myelogenous leukemia]],  [[Lung cancer]],  [[Ovarian cancer]],  [[Tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ophthalmologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Psychiatric'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Pulmonary'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]],  [[Pulmonary fibrosis]],  [[Respiratory failure type 2]],  [[Sterile pneumonitis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Rhabdomyolysis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Immunocompromise]],  [[Rheumatoid factor positive]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Sexual'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hiv]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Trauma'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Urologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Miscellaneous'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|}
+===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
+{{columns-list|3|
+*[[Antinuclear antibodies]]
+*[[Anti–tumor necrosis factor drugs]]
+*[[Autoantibodies]]
+*[[Bacillus calmette-guérin vaccine]]
+*[[Breast cancer]]
+*[[Calcinosis cutis]]
+*[[Carbimazole]]
+*[[Carticaine]]
+*[[Chronic myelogenous leukemia]]
+*[[Cimetidine]]
+*[[Coxsackie b virus]]
+*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
+*[[Cytoplasmic antigen antibodies]]
+*[[Dysphagia]]
+*[[Dysphonia]]
+*[[Echovirus]]
+*[[Ectopic calcification]]
+*[[Electromyogram abnormalities]]
+*[[Eosinophilia]]
+*[[Gottron papules]]
+*[[Hepatitis b vaccine]]
+*[[Hiv]]
+*[[Hla-b8]]
+*[[Hla-dr3]]
+*[[Hla-drw52]]
+*[[Htlv-1]]
+*[[Hypertrichosis]]
+*[[Hyporeflexia]]
+*[[Immunocompromise]]
+*[[Interferon-alpha]]
+*[[Interferon-beta]]
+*[[Interferon-gamma]]
+*[[Lung cancer]]
+*[[Muscular hypertrophy]]
+*[[Myositis]]
+*[[Ovarian cancer]]
+*[[Parvovirus]]
+*[[Penicillamine]]
+*[[Pericarditis]]
+*[[Periorbital swelling]]
+*[[Phenylbutazone]]
+*[[Phenytoin]]
+*[[Photosensitivity of skin]]
+*[[Proximal muscle weakness]]
+*[[Proximal myopathy]]
+*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]
+*[[Pyrexia of unknown origin]]
+*[[Quinidine]]
+*[[Raynaud phenomenon]]
+*[[Respiratory failure type 2]]
+*[[Rhabdomyolysis]]
+*[[Rheumatoid factor positive]]
+*[[Sclerosis of skin]]
+*[[Statins]]
+*[[Sterile pneumonitis]]
+*[[Streptococcus]]
+*[[Telangiectasia]]
+*[[Toxoplasma]]
+*[[Tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms]]
+*[[Vasculitis]]
+}}
 The cause is unknown, but it may result from either a viral infection or an [[autoimmune]] reaction. Some cases of dermatomyositis actually "overlap" (are combined with) another autoimmune disease such as [[lupus]], [[scleroderma]], or [[vasculitis]]. Because of the link between DM and autoimmune disease, doctors and patients suspecting DM may find it helpful to run an ANA - antinuclear antibody - test, which in cases of a [[lupus]]-like nature may be positive (usually from 1:160 to 1:640, with normal ranges at 1:40 and below).