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| *[[Vasculitis]] | | *[[Vasculitis]] |
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| The cause is unknown, but it may result from either a viral infection or an [[autoimmune]] reaction. Some cases of dermatomyositis actually "overlap" (are combined with) another autoimmune disease such as [[lupus]], [[scleroderma]], or [[vasculitis]]. Because of the link between DM and autoimmune disease, doctors and patients suspecting DM may find it helpful to run an ANA - antinuclear antibody - test, which in cases of a [[lupus]]-like nature may be positive (usually from 1:160 to 1:640, with normal ranges at 1:40 and below).
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| Some cases of DM are a [[paraneoplastic phenomenon]], indicating the presence of [[cancer]].<ref name="pmid16603844">{{cite journal | author=Scheinfeld NS | title=Ulcerative paraneoplastic dermatomyositis secondary to metastatic breast cancer | journal=Skinmed | volume=5 | issue=2 | pages=94–6 | year=2006 | pmid=16603844 | url=http://www.lejacq.com/articleDetail.cfm?pid=SKINmed_5;2:94 | doi=10.1111/j.1540-9740.2006.03637.x}}</ref> In cases involving cancer, the cancer is usually pre-existent, with removal of the cancer resulting in remission of the DM. The onset of a rash in patients with pre-existing myositis requires investigation of the neoplastic possibility.
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| In 1988, the noted Lyme disease researcher Dr. Alan Steere observed: "Finally, the perivascular lymphoid infiltrate in clinical myositis does not differ from that seen in polymyositis or dermatomyositis. All of these histologic derangements suggest immunologic damage in response to persistence of the spirochete, however few in number.", in his article, ''Clinical pathologic correlations of Lyme disease by stage.''
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
The causes of dermatomyositis are not fully understood. Commonly cited causes include viral infection and autoimmune diseases. Other causes include oncologic malignancies and drug side effects.
Causes
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
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Pericarditis, Raynaud phenomenon, Statins, Vasculitis
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| Chemical/Poisoning
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No underlying causes
|
| Dental
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No underlying causes
|
| Dermatologic
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Calcinosis cutis, Gottron papules, Photosensitivity of skin, Sclerosis of skin, Telangiectasia
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| Drug Side Effect
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Carbimazole, Carticaine, Cimetidine, Cyclophosphamide, Penicillamine, Phenylbutazone, Phenytoin, Quinidine, Statins
|
| Ear Nose Throat
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Dysphagia, Dysphonia
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| Endocrine
|
No underlying causes
|
| Environmental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Gastroenterologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Genetic
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Antinuclear antibodies, Autoantibodies, Hla-b8, Hla-dr3, Hla-drw52, Interferon-alpha, Interferon-beta, Interferon-gamma
|
| Hematologic
|
Chronic myelogenous leukemia, Cytoplasmic antigen antibodies, Eosinophilia, Hla-b8, Hla-dr3, Hla-drw52, Htlv-1
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| Iatrogenic
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Bacillus calmette-guérin vaccine
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| Infectious Disease
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Coxsackie b virus, Echovirus, Hepatitis b vaccine, Hiv, Htlv-1, Hypertrichosis, Parvovirus, Pyrexia of unknown origin, Sterile pneumonitis, Streptococcus, Toxoplasma
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| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic
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Ectopic calcification, Electromyogram abnormalities, Muscular hypertrophy, Myositis, Periorbital swelling, Proximal muscle weakness, Proximal myopathy
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| Neurologic
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Hyporeflexia
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| Nutritional/Metabolic
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No underlying causes
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| Obstetric/Gynecologic
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Ovarian cancer
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| Oncologic
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Anti–tumor necrosis factor drugs, Breast cancer, Chronic myelogenous leukemia, Lung cancer, Ovarian cancer, Tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms
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| Ophthalmologic
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No underlying causes
|
| Overdose/Toxicity
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No underlying causes
|
| Psychiatric
|
No underlying causes
|
| Pulmonary
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Lung cancer, Pulmonary fibrosis, Respiratory failure type 2, Sterile pneumonitis
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| Renal/Electrolyte
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Rhabdomyolysis
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| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy
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Immunocompromise, Rheumatoid factor positive
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| Sexual
|
Hiv
|
| Trauma
|
No underlying causes
|
| Urologic
|
No underlying causes
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| Miscellaneous
|
No underlying causes
|
Causes in Alphabetical Order
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columns-list}}.
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References
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