Sandbox: Pulmonary Valve regurgitation

Causes

Pulmonary regurgitation can be caused by a variety of congenital and acquired causes:

Congenital Causes:

• Quadricuspid or Bicuspid valves
• Hypoplasia of the valves
• Prolapse of the pulmonary valve

Acquired Causes:

• Infective endocarditis
• Post repair of tetralogy of Fallot
• Post repair of pulmonary valve stenosis
• Rheumatic heart disease
• Carinoid Syndrome
• Myxomatous Degeneration of the pulmonary valve.

Chronic Pulmonary regurgitation:

Chronic PR is caused by the following causes:

• Following repair of tetralogy of Fallot
• Following balloon or surgical valvulotomy or valvuloplasty for pulmonary stenosis
• Absent pulmonary valve syndrome
• Isolated congenital PR
• Peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Right ventricular outlet aneurysm

Acute pulmonary regurgitation

Acute PR is caused by the following causes:

• Neonatal Ebstein’s anomaly
• Following balloon dilation of critical pulmonary stenosis
• Perforation of valvar pulmonary atresia