Brucellosis physical examination: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!Examination findings | |||
!Brucellosis | |||
|- | |||
|Appearance of patient | |||
|Patients are usually well-appearing | |||
|- | |||
|Vital Signs | |||
|Pulse rate-Normal/[[Tachycardia]] with regular rhythm, normal volume | |||
Temperature- Normal or elevated | |||
Blood pressure- Normal | |||
Respiratory rate-Normal/tachypnea(pneumonia) | |||
[[Oxygen saturation]]- usually normal but some cases may have low oxygen saturation(lung involvement). | |||
Blood glucose level- normal | |||
|- | |||
|[[Skin]] | |||
|Skin examination may reveal the following: | |||
Maculppapular rash | |||
Erythema nodosum like eruptions and ulceration | |||
abscesses | |||
|- | |||
|HEENT | |||
|Usually Normal | |||
|- | |||
|Neck | |||
|Cervical [[lymphadenopathy]] may be present | |||
|- | |||
|[[Lungs]] | |||
|Lung involvement may reveal multiple findings depending on the kind of involvement(it could be pneumonia, bronchitis, pleural effusion or empyema or combination of these). Based on the involvement, lung examination may reveal: | |||
*Increased [[tactile fremitus]] | *Increased [[tactile fremitus]] | ||
*Dullness on [[Percussion of the lungs|percussion]] | *Dullness on [[Percussion of the lungs|percussion]] | ||
| Line 14: | Line 48: | ||
*[[Rhonchi]] | *[[Rhonchi]] | ||
*[[Crackles]], [[Rales]] | *[[Crackles]], [[Rales]] | ||
*Increased vocal [[fremitus]] |- |[[Heart]] |Heart examination may reveal murmurs on ascultation(endocarditis) |- |[[Abdomen]] |Abdominal examination may elicit: | *Increased vocal [[fremitus]] | ||
|- | |||
|[[Heart]] | |||
|Heart examination may reveal murmurs on ascultation(endocarditis) | |||
|- | |||
|[[Abdomen]] | |||
|Abdominal examination may elicit: | |||
* Tenderness | * Tenderness | ||
*[[Hepatomegaly]] | *[[Hepatomegaly]] | ||
*[[Splenomegaly]] | *[[Splenomegaly]] | ||
*[[Lymphadenopathy]] |- |Back |Back examination is usually normal |- |[[Genitourinary]] |Genitourinary examination may reveal: | *[[Lymphadenopathy]] | ||
|- | |||
|Back | |||
|Back examination is usually normal | |||
|- | |||
|[[Genitourinary]] | |||
|Genitourinary examination may reveal: | |||
*Inguinal [[lymphadenopathy]] | *Inguinal [[lymphadenopathy]] | ||
*Positive [[Prehn's sign]] | *Positive [[Prehn's sign]] | ||
**May be present in [[epididymitis]] | **May be present in [[epididymitis]] | ||
*Swollen testicle or testicles | *Swollen testicle or testicles | ||
**May be present in [[orchitis]] |- |[[Extremities]] | | **May be present in [[orchitis]] | ||
|- | |||
|[[Extremities]] | |||
| | |||
*Examination of Knee, hips, ankles and wrists may reveal: | *Examination of Knee, hips, ankles and wrists may reveal: | ||
**Fluid around a joint | **Fluid around a joint | ||
| Line 31: | Line 80: | ||
**May be present in peripheral [[arthritis]] | **May be present in peripheral [[arthritis]] | ||
*palpation of sacroiliac joints may reveal pain indicating [[sacroiliitis]] | *palpation of sacroiliac joints may reveal pain indicating [[sacroiliitis]] | ||
*Positive [[Schober's test]](indicative of spondylitis) |- |[[Neuromuscular]] |Meningial signs of irritation [[Nuchal rigidity]], [[Kernig's sign]], and [[Brudzinski's sign]] can be ilicited in cases with neurological involvement(meningitis or meningoencephalitis). | *Positive [[Schober's test]](indicative of spondylitis) | ||
|- | |||
|[[Neuromuscular]] | |||
|Meningial signs of irritation [[Nuchal rigidity]], [[Kernig's sign]], and [[Brudzinski's sign]] can be ilicited in cases with neurological involvement(meningitis or meningoencephalitis). | |||
Signs of pheripheral and cranial nerve neuropathies can be ilicited | |||
|} | |||
* | |||
==Reference== | ==Reference== | ||
Revision as of 16:59, 4 January 2017
|
Brucellosis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Brucellosis physical examination On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Brucellosis physical examination |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Brucellosis physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Danitza Lukac
Overview
Patients with brucellosis are usually well-appearing.[1] Common physical examination findings include hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy.[2]
Physical Examination
| Examination findings | Brucellosis |
|---|---|
| Appearance of patient | Patients are usually well-appearing |
| Vital Signs | Pulse rate-Normal/Tachycardia with regular rhythm, normal volume
Temperature- Normal or elevated Blood pressure- Normal Respiratory rate-Normal/tachypnea(pneumonia) Oxygen saturation- usually normal but some cases may have low oxygen saturation(lung involvement). Blood glucose level- normal |
| Skin | Skin examination may reveal the following:
Maculppapular rash Erythema nodosum like eruptions and ulceration abscesses |
| HEENT | Usually Normal |
| Neck | Cervical lymphadenopathy may be present |
| Lungs | Lung involvement may reveal multiple findings depending on the kind of involvement(it could be pneumonia, bronchitis, pleural effusion or empyema or combination of these). Based on the involvement, lung examination may reveal:
|
| Heart | Heart examination may reveal murmurs on ascultation(endocarditis) |
| Abdomen | Abdominal examination may elicit:
|
| Back | Back examination is usually normal |
| Genitourinary | Genitourinary examination may reveal:
|
| Extremities |
|
| Neuromuscular | Meningial signs of irritation Nuchal rigidity, Kernig's sign, and Brudzinski's sign can be ilicited in cases with neurological involvement(meningitis or meningoencephalitis).
Signs of pheripheral and cranial nerve neuropathies can be ilicited |
Reference
- ↑ Madkour M. Madkour's Brucellosis. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.
- ↑ Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E (2005). "Brucellosis". N Engl J Med. 352 (22): 2325–36. doi:10.1056/NEJMra050570. PMID 15930423.